婧�(zh菙n)鑰冭瓑鎵撳嵃鍗冲皣闁�(k膩i)濮嬶紝鐐洪伩鍏嶉尟(cu貌)閬�(gu貌)2019骞村煄閯�(xi膩ng)瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨斧婧�(zh菙n)鑰冭瓑鎵撳嵃鏅�(sh铆)闁撶瘈(ji茅)榛�(di菐n)閫氱煡锛屽缓璀版偍鍙互 鍏嶈不(f猫i)闋�(y霉)绱勭煭淇℃彁閱�鏈嶅嫏(w霉) 闋�(y霉)绱勬垚鍔熷悗鎮ㄥ彲鍏嶈不(f猫i)鏀跺埌鍚勭渷2019骞村煄閯�(xi膩ng)瑕�(gu墨)鍔冨斧鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撱€佹簴(zh菙n)鑰冭瓑鎵撳嵃鏅�(sh铆)闁撶殑鐭俊鎻愰啋銆�

1銆佸煄甯傚垎鏁ｇ櫦(f膩)灞曠悊璜�

寤虹珛鍦ㄩ€氶亷(gu貌)寤鸿ō(sh猫)灏忓煄甯備締(l谩i)鍒嗘暎澶у煄甯傜殑鍩虹(ch菙)涔嬩笂锛屼富瑕佺悊璜栧寘鎷敯鍦掑煄甯�銆佽(w猫i)鏄熷煄鍜屾柊鍩庣殑鎬濇兂銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鐤忔暎鐞嗚珫绛夈€�

鐢板湌鍩庡競鐞嗚珫鏄湪1898骞撮湇鑿痉鎻愬嚭鐨�锛屽湪瀵�(sh铆)闅涗腑鍒嗗寲鐐哄叐绋舰寮忥細

鈶犺静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鍦板崁(q奴)鐨勫绔嬪皬鍩庨幃(zh猫n)锛氳静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鍦板崁(q奴)鐨勫绔嬪皬鍩庨幃(zh猫n)锛岃嚜绲﹁嚜瓒筹紝褰笉鎴愬煄甯傜兢;

鈶″煄甯傞儕鍗€(q奴)锛氬彧鑳戒績閫�(j矛n)澶у煄甯傜殑鐒�(w煤)搴忓湴鍚戝钄撳欢銆�

琛�(w猫i)鏄熷煄(20涓栫磤(j矛)20骞翠唬鎭╂韩鎻愬嚭)

鈶�1924骞存彁鍑哄缓瑷�(sh猫)琛�(w猫i)鏄熷煄鐨勬蹇点€�

鈶″畾缇╋細琛�(w猫i)鏄熷煄鏄竴鍊�(g猫)缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)涓�銆佺ぞ鏈�(hu矛)涓�銆佹枃鍖栦笂鍏锋湁鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ煄甯傛€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勭崹(d煤)绔嬪煄甯傚柈鍏�锛屼絾鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍙堟槸寰炲爆浜庢煇鍊�(g猫)澶у煄甯傜殑娲剧敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�銆�

鈶㈢壒榛�(di菐n)锛氬挤(qi谩ng)鍖栦簡鑸囦腑蹇冨煄甯傜殑渚濊炒(l脿i)闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)涓績鍩庡競鐨勭枏瑙�銆�

鈶ｅ晱(w猫n)椤岋細涓績鍩庡競鐨勯亷(gu貌)搴︿緷璩�(l脿i)锛岄€犳垚瀛愭瘝鍩庝箣闁撲氦閫氬鍔涳紝闆ｄ互鐪熸鐤忚В澶у煄甯�銆�

鏂板煄(20涓栫磤(j矛)50骞翠唬浠ュ悗鎸夎(gu墨)鍔冭ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)寤鸿ō(sh猫)鐨勬柊鍩庡競锛岀涓変唬琛�(w猫i)鏄熷煄)

鈶犳洿寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐩稿皪(du矛)鐛�(d煤)绔嬫€�銆�

鈶″熀鏈笂鏄竴瀹氬崁(q奴)鍩熺殑涓績鍩庡競锛岀偤鍏舵湰韬懆?ch膿)顚勭墶璨恀(q奴)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)锛屽苟涓旇垏涓績鍩庡競鐧�(f膩)鐢熺浉浜掍綔鐢�锛屾垚鐐哄煄閹�(zh猫n)楂旂郴涓殑绲勬垚閮ㄥ垎锛屽皪(du矛)娑屽叆澶у煄甯傜殑浜哄彛璧峰埌鎴祦浣滅敤銆�

鏈夋(j墨)鐤忔暎鐞嗚珫(涓嶆槸涓€鍊�(g猫)鍏烽珨鐨勬垨鑰呮妧琛�(sh霉)鎬х殑鎸囧皫(d菐o)鏂规锛岃€屾槸灏�(du矛)鍩庡競鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曞付鏈夊摬鐞嗘€х殑鎬濊€�)

鈶�1942骞存矙閲岃兘銆婂煄甯傦細瀹冪殑鐧�(f膩)灞�銆佽“鏁楀拰鏈締(l谩i)銆嬶紝闂�(gu膩n)浜庡煄甯傜櫦(f膩)灞曞強鍏跺竷灞€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閫�(j矛n)琛岃(di脿o)鏁寸殑鐞嗚珫銆�

鈶″皣鍩庡競鍒嗚В鎴愮偤涓€鍊�(g猫)鏃㈢当(t菕ng)涓€鍙堝垎鏁ｇ殑鍩庡競鏈夋(j墨)鏁撮珨锛屽悇閮ㄥ垎褰㈡垚鐩稿皪(du矛)鍗婄崹(d煤)绔嬬殑鍠厓锛屽苟鐢ㄧ稜鍖栧湴甯堕殧闆㈤枊(k膩i)渚�(l谩i)锛屼互楂橀€熶氦閫氱浉鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆傜啊(ji菐n)瑷€涔�锛屽皣鍩庡競鍚勭ó鍔熻兘閬╃暥(d膩ng)闆嗕腑锛屽苟灏囬€欎簺闆嗕腑榛�(di菐n)鍋氭湁姗�(j墨)鐤忔暎銆�

2銆佸煄甯傞泦涓櫦(f膩)灞曠悊璜�

鍩庡競闆嗕腑鐧�(f膩)灞曠悊璜栫殑鍩虹(ch菙)鍦ㄤ簬缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勮仛闆�銆�(鍩庡競缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鐨勬渶鏍规湰鐗瑰緛涔嬩竴)

鍩庡競鐨勯泦涓櫦(f膩)灞�——鍩庡競鐝�(xi脿n)璞�;澶у煄甯傜櫦(f膩)灞�——涓栫晫鍩庡競銆�

1966骞磋豹鐖俱€婁笘鐣屽煄甯傘€�——涓栫晫澶у煄甯傚湪涓栫晫缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)楂斿埗涓皣鎿�(d膩n)璨�(f霉)璧疯秺渚�(l谩i)瓒婇噸瑕佺殑浣滅敤銆備笘鐣屽煄甯傜壒寰侊細鏀挎不銆佸晢妤�(y猫)銆佷汉鎵嶃€佷汉鍙�銆佹枃鍖栧妯�(l猫)涓績銆�

1986骞村紬閲屽痉鏇笺€婁笘鐣屽煄甯傚亣瑾�(shu艒)銆嬩腑寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)涓栫晫鍩庡競鐨勫湅(gu贸)闅涘姛鑳芥焙瀹氫簬瑭插煄甯傝垏涓栫晫缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)—楂斿寲鐩歌伅(li谩n)绯荤殑鏂瑰紡鑸囩▼搴�銆�

涓栫晫鍩庡競鐨�7鍊�(g猫)鎸囨(bi膩o)锛氫富瑕侀噾铻嶄腑蹇�銆佽法鍦�(gu贸)鍏徃绺介儴鎵€鍦ㄥ湴銆佸湅(gu贸)闅涙€ф(j墨)妲�(g貌u)闆嗕腑鍦�銆佸晢妤�(y猫)閮ㄩ杸(m茅n)(绗笁鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫))鐨勯珮搴﹀闀�(zh菐ng)銆佷富瑕佺殑鍒堕€犳キ(y猫)涓績(鍏锋湁鍦�(gu贸)闅涙剰缇╃殑鍔犲伐宸ユキ(y猫)绛�)锛屼笘鐣屼氦閫氱殑閲嶈妯炵磹(灏ゅ叾鏄腐鍙ｈ垏鍦�(gu贸)闅涜埅绌烘腐)銆佸煄甯備汉鍙ｉ仈(d谩)鍒颁竴瀹氳(gu墨)妯�銆�

鍩庡競鑱氶泦鍗€(q奴)——琚竴缇ゅ瘑闆嗙殑銆侀€ｇ簩(x霉)鐨勮仛灞呭湴鎵€褰㈡垚鐨勮吉寤撶窔鍖呭湇鐨勪汉鍙ｅ眳浣忓崁(q奴)锛屽畠鍜屽煄甯傜殑琛屾斂鐣岄檺涓嶇洝鐩稿悓銆傚湪楂樺害鍩庨幃(zh猫n)鍖栧湴鍗€(q奴)寰€寰€鍖呮嫭涓€鍊�(g猫)浠ヤ笂鐨勫煄甯�銆�

澶у煄甯傚付——娉曞湅(gu贸)鎴堝痉鏇�1957骞存彁鍑�锛屾寚鐨勬槸澶氭牳蹇冪殑鍩庡競閫ｇ犊鍗€(q奴)锛屼汉鍙ｇ殑涓嬮檺鏄�2500钀�(w脿n)浜�锛屼汉鍙ｅ瘑搴︾偤姣忓钩鏂瑰叕閲岃嚦灏�250浜�銆傚鎴戝湅(gu贸)鐨勯暦(zh菐ng)姹熶笁瑙掓床鍦板崁(q奴)銆佺彔姹熶笁瑙掓床鍦板崁(q奴)銆佷含娲ュ攼鍦板崁(q奴)绛夈€�

銆愪緥椤屻€戝紬閲屽痉鏇笺€婁笘鐣屽煄甯傚亣瑾�(shu艒)銆嬫湁(銆€銆€)鎸囨(bi膩o)銆�

A.涓昏鐨勯噾铻嶄腑蹇�

B.璺ㄥ湅(gu贸)鍏徃绺介儴鎵€鍦ㄥ湴

C.鍗€(q奴)鍩熸€ф(j墨)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯泦涓湴

D.鍟嗘キ(y猫)閮ㄩ杸(m茅n)(绗笁鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫))鐨勯珮搴﹀闀�(zh菐ng)

E.涓昏鐨勫埗閫犳キ(y猫)涓績(鍏锋湁鍦�(gu贸)闅涙剰缇╃殑鍔犲伐宸ユキ(y猫)绛�)

绛旀锛欰BDE

3銆佸煄閹�(zh猫n)褰㈡垚缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)楂旂郴鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曠悊璜�

鍩庡競鍒嗘暎鐧�(f膩)灞曡垏闆嗕腑鐧�(f膩)灞曞彧鏄煄甯傜櫦(f膩)灞曢亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑鐨勪笉鍚屾柟闈�锛屼换浣曞煄甯傜殑鐧�(f膩)灞曢兘鏄€欏叐鍊�(g猫)鏂归潰浣滅敤鐨勭稖鍚堬紝鎴栬€呰(shu艒)鏄垎鏁ｈ垏闆嗕腑鐩镐簰灏�(du矛)鎶楄€屽舰鎴愮殑鏆檪(sh铆)骞宠　鐙€鎱�(t脿i)銆�

(1)姣忓€�(g猫)鍩庡競褰遍熆鍔涚殑澶у皬锛屽彇姹轰簬鍩庡競鎵€鑳芥彁渚涚殑鍟嗗搧銆佹湇鍕�(w霉)鍙婂悇绋(j墨)鏈�(hu矛)鐨勬暩(sh霉)閲忓拰绋(l猫i)銆�

(2)涓嶅悓瑕�(gu墨)妯＄殑鍩庡競鍙婂叾褰遍熆鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩熺祫鍚堣捣渚�(l谩i)灏卞舰鎴愬煄甯傜殑绛夌礆(j铆)楂旂郴銆�

(3)鍩庨幃(zh猫n)涔嬮枔浜ら€�銆侀€氫俊鎵€绲勬垚缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勫灏戝拰鏂逛究绋嬪害锛岃肠浜堜簡瑭插煄甯傚湪鍩庡競楂旂郴涓殑鐩稿皪(du矛)鍦颁綅(寮曞姏妯″瀷锛屾槸鍏朵腑鏈€鐐虹啊(ji菐n)鍠�銆佷娇鐢ㄦ渶鐐哄唬娉涚殑涓€绋�)銆�

鍩庡競楂旂郴——涓€瀹氬崁(q奴)鍩熷収(n猫i)鍩庡競涔嬮枔瀛樺湪鐨勫悇绋棞(gu膩n)绯荤殑绺藉拰銆�

(1)鏍艰开鏂�銆佽姃绂忓痉绛変汉寰炴€濇兂涓婄⒑绔嬩簡鍗€(q奴)鍩熷煄甯傞棞(gu膩n)绯绘槸鐮旂┒鍩庡競鍟�(w猫n)椤岀殑閭忚集妗嗘灦銆�

(2)寰峰湅(gu贸)鍦扮悊瀛�(xu茅)瀹跺厠閲屾柉娉板嫆1933骞寸櫦(f膩)琛ㄧ殑涓績鍦扮悊璜栨彮绀轰簡鍩庡競甯冨眬涔嬮枔鐨勭従(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�

(3)璨濆埄绛変汉绲�(ji茅)鍚堝煄甯傚姛鑳界殑鐩镐簰渚濊炒(l脿i)鎬у皪(du矛)鍩庡競缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)琛岀偤鐨勫垎鏋愬拰涓績鍦扮悊璜栫殑鐮旂┒锛岄€愭褰㈡垚浜嗗煄甯傞珨绯荤悊璜栥€�

鍩庡競楂旂郴鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰寘鎷笁閮ㄥ垎锛氳伔鑳�銆佽(gu墨)妯″拰绌洪枔绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

4銆佸煄甯傚湡鍦颁娇鐢ㄥ竷灞€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐞嗚珫

鍩庡競鍏�(n猫i)閮�锛屽悇椤�(l猫i)鍦熷湴浣跨敤閰嶇疆鏈変竴瀹氱殑妯″紡鍜岄亱(y霉n)琛岃(gu墨)寰�锛屼竴鑸彲姝哥磵鐐轰笁鍊�(g猫)鐞嗚珫锛屽潎鑸囧煄甯傜殑缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鍦扮瀵嗗垏闂�(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)銆�

鍚屽績鍦撶悊璜�——浼悏鏂痩923骞存彁鍑�锛屽煄甯傚妰鍒嗘垚鐐�5鍊�(g猫)鍚屽績鍦�銆�

鎵囧舰鐞嗚珫——闇嶄紛鐗�1939骞存彁鍑�锛屽湡鍦颁娇鐢ㄥ潎鏄緸甯備腑蹇冨崁(q奴)鏃㈡湁鐨勫悓椤�(l猫i)鍦熷湴浣跨敤鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓�锛岀敱鍏�(n猫i)鍚戝鎿�(ku貌)灞�锛屽苟鐣欏湪鍚屼竴鎵囧舰鑼冨湇鍏�(n猫i)銆�

澶氭牳蹇冪悊璜�——鍝堥噷鏂�銆佺儚鐖炬浖1945骞存彁鍑�銆傛彁鍑轰簡褰遍熆鍩庡競娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鍒嗗竷鐨勫洓闋�(xi脿ng)鍩烘湰鍘熷墖锛�

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