2011年自考英語(yǔ):重點(diǎn)單詞擴(kuò)充講解


1. organizational: a 組織上的 $lesson$
由此我們可以聯(lián)想到:organize: v 組織; organization: n 組織;
organizer: n 組織者
請(qǐng)看下列習(xí)題,選擇該組詞里恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空:
1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.
2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.
3). China has joined World Trade __________.轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.
Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer
2. objective: n 目標(biāo); a 客觀的,反義詞subjective: 主觀的
3. predict: v 預(yù)言、預(yù)示;
由此我們可以聯(lián)想到:prediction: n 預(yù)言; predictable: a 可預(yù)測(cè)的;
predictor: n 預(yù)言家
4. simplify: v 簡(jiǎn)化
由此我們可以聯(lián)想到:simple: a 簡(jiǎn)單的; simply: ad 簡(jiǎn)單地,僅僅地;
simplification: n 簡(jiǎn)化; simplified: a 被簡(jiǎn)化的。
Exercises for the above words:
1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.
2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our
capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.
3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a
question of procedure.
4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy
labor.
Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification
5. tendency: n 趨勢(shì)、傾向;tend : v 傾向于…, tend to do sth
e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.
Or old people tend to get fatter.
6. managerial: a 經(jīng)理的、經(jīng)營(yíng)上的;轉(zhuǎn)自環(huán) 球 網(wǎng) 校edu24ol.com
由此我們可以聯(lián)想到:manage: v管理、經(jīng)營(yíng); management: n; manager: n 經(jīng)營(yíng)者,管理者; manageable: a 可管理的、可經(jīng)營(yíng)的。
7. argue: v 爭(zhēng)辯、爭(zhēng)論,常用固定搭配:argu with sb about/over sth由
于某事而同某人爭(zhēng)論; argue sb into doing sth說(shuō)服某人做某事; argue
sb out of doing sth說(shuō)服某人不要做某事。
e.g. 1>. The young couple always argue with each other over their
child’s
education.
2>. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.
8. define: v 給…下定義; definition: n 定義
9. profitability: n 賺錢(qián), 獲利
由此我們可以聯(lián)想到:profit: n 利潤(rùn); profitable: a 有利可圖的, 有好
處的;
profitless: a 沒(méi)有利潤(rùn)的。
1). He has made a _____ from running a small restaurant.
2). The deal was ______ to all of us.
3). They valued _______ differently, which led to disagreement as
to the correctness of decision.
Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.
10. correctness: n 正確性; 字根:correct: a 正確的; v 糾正, correction: n 糾正; incorrect: a 不正確的。
11. unintended: a 非計(jì)劃中的,
由此我們可以聯(lián)想到:intend: v 打算,計(jì)劃;intention: n ; intended:
a 計(jì)劃中的
課文難句講解、分析
1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of
action that are available.(p1)
譯:決策就是從幾種可以選擇的做法中作出選擇。
分析:該句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。made from among alternative courses of
action that are available是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾a choice; 其中that
are available是定語(yǔ)從句修飾courses of action.
像這樣一環(huán)修飾一環(huán)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)在英文中很普遍,因此為了看懂句子大家
須學(xué)會(huì)分析。這是整個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中很重要的能力!
2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals
or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of
accomplishing them. (p1)
譯:做出決策的原因是因?yàn)榇嬖趩?wèn)題,目標(biāo)或目的有錯(cuò)誤,或者有某種東
防礙著它們的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
分析:該句又是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。That引導(dǎo)三個(gè)并列的表語(yǔ)從句,①a problem
exists,②goals or objectives are wrong;③something is standing in
the way of accomplishing them。 短語(yǔ):make a decision:做出決策
stand in the way: 阻擋、防礙
3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be
and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since
uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)
譯:通常管理者必須對(duì)未來(lái)的情況做出最佳預(yù)測(cè),從而使偶然性盡可能少
發(fā)生,但因?yàn)椴淮_定性總是存在,所以決策常伴隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
分析:前半句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。what the future will be是at的賓語(yǔ);as
little as possible做leave的賓語(yǔ);since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)
because.
4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)
譯:如果沒(méi)有選擇,就不會(huì)有決策。
分析:這是一句很簡(jiǎn)單的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,但它有一個(gè)很重要的考點(diǎn):to be
made。這是動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)修飾decision,有將來(lái)意味。比如:The last
question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among
ourselves.
5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)
譯:對(duì)于管理者而言,每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律以及慣例等因素制約。
分析:這句話的考點(diǎn)是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。同樣是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)修飾constraints
其中詞組:base…on以…為基礎(chǔ)。 如:The film is based on s short story by Jack London.
6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)
譯:但是這種簡(jiǎn)化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的方法。
分析:該句主語(yǔ)the tendency to simplify,謂語(yǔ)blinds; them是賓語(yǔ)。to simplify是定語(yǔ),修飾the tendency;to other alternatives是賓補(bǔ)。其中短語(yǔ):blind sb to sth:使…看不見(jiàn)…;
we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to the facts.
7. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)
譯:因?yàn)閭€(gè)人(和組織)關(guān)于如何達(dá)到目的常有不同的觀點(diǎn),哪種是最優(yōu)的選擇可能要看是誰(shuí)做出決策。
分析:這是一個(gè)由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。其中how to attain the goals做介詞about的賓語(yǔ),who makes the decision做介詞on的賓語(yǔ)。
?2011年4月自學(xué)考試成績(jī)查詢(xún)時(shí)間及方式匯總
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