2013年自考英語備考輔導(dǎo)：非謂語動(dòng)詞詳解（1）
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核心提示：非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞可謂是語法項(xiàng)目考查的重點(diǎn)，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查都有哪些特點(diǎn)，解答時(shí)又應(yīng)注意些什么呢?下面分析一下：1、非謂語動(dòng)詞考查特點(diǎn)1) 謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如：All things ___ because of the snow...
非謂語動(dòng)詞
非謂語動(dòng)詞可謂是語法項(xiàng)目考查的重點(diǎn)，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查都有哪些特點(diǎn)，解答時(shí)又應(yīng)注意些什么呢?下面分析一下：
1、非謂語動(dòng)詞考查特點(diǎn)
1) 謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷
對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如：
All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. had been canceled B. have been canceled
C. were canceled D. having been canceled
四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)是謂語動(dòng)詞，只有D是非謂語動(dòng)詞，只要同學(xué)們能判斷出這里是非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語，則不用考慮時(shí)態(tài)的問題，答案自明。
2) 謂語動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇
謂語動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是三級(jí)語法測試中的一個(gè)題眼。如：
?、?I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making
C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
?、?Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have gotin.
A. to close B. closing
C. to have closed D. having closed
?、?Your hair wants ______ . You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
這類題涉及三個(gè)方面：
謂語動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)該接不定式還是動(dòng)名詞?
即可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)和意思上有何差別?
不定式與動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式還是用被動(dòng)形式?
3) 做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
從近幾年的考查情況來看，對(duì)做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況：
(1)對(duì)一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語。如：
?、?The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's
telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.
A. accomplished B. being accomplished
C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished
② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor and
self-restraint as if I were the one ______.
A. to correct B. correcting
C. having been corrected D. being corrected
同學(xué)們只要掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語的一般的規(guī)律,就可以判斷①題答案為C，②題答案為D。
(2)對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，如：
① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his
arguments in favor of the new theory.
A. to be based on B. to base on
C. which to base on D. on which to base
?、?The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it
also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
A. to compete B. competing
C. to be competed D. having competed
①題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為D，②題為某些特定名詞的定語結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為A。在英語中有些名詞，如動(dòng)詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。
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