2013年自考英語(二)課文譯文:怎樣防治時差引進的不適

　　怎樣防治時差引進的不適

　　The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveller comes across at some time. But do you have to suffer? Understand what it is, and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, and your flights will be less stressful.

　　坐飛機因時差而引起的生理節(jié)奏的破壞是每個國際旅行者都會遇到的問題。但是否必須遭受其苦呢?明白了時差不適癥是怎么回事，學會合理的飲食，會把這種不適癥減少到最低程度，那么坐飛機旅行就不會有那么大的負擔了。

　　The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. It is due to changes in the body's physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment.

　　高速旅行對人身體的影響程度實際上比我們認識到的要強烈得多。時差不適癥并不是人需要調整到另一時區(qū)而產(chǎn)生的心理癥狀。它的起因是人體的生理調節(jié)機制，特別是激素分泌系統(tǒng)，因環(huán)境的改變而發(fā)生了變化。

　　Confused? So was John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary of State, when he flew to Egypt to conduct negotiations on the Aswan Dam. He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag.

　　迷惑了吧?美國國務卿約翰?杜勒斯飛往埃及舉行阿斯旺水壩談判時就是這樣。事后他責怪自己低估了時差帶來的不適癥。

　　The effects can be used to advantage, too. President Johnson once conducted an important meeting in Guam and kept the entire proceedings at Washington DC time. The White House working personnel were as fresh as paint, while the locals, in this case, were jet-lagged. Essentially, they had been instantaneously transported to America.

　　時差的效果也可以加以利用。約翰遜總統(tǒng)曾在關島召集了一個重要會議，所以議程都按華盛頓時間制定。白宮工作人員個個精神煥發(fā);而關島方面的人因時差不適個個無精打采。后者實質上等于一下子被送到了美國。

　　Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it. A great number of the body's events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. Naturally these have to be regulated, and there are two regulatory systems which interact.

　　既然了解了時差不適癥，我們便可想辦法來克服它。人身體的一系列生理活動每天都有一個固定的發(fā)生時間。當然，生理活動可以被調節(jié)，有兩個相互影響的調節(jié)系統(tǒng)。

　　One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour -- yes, 25 -- rhythm. Normally the two timers are in step, and the external cues tend to regularise the internal clocks to the more convenient 24 hour period.

　　一是計時系統(tǒng)，表現(xiàn)在我們的感覺和腸胃活動上，還有我們生活在某一時區(qū)所經(jīng)歷的生理周期上。另一個是在我們的人體時鐘內(主要的一個體內時鐘可能位于大腦的稱為超交叉核的那部分中)，這些人體時鐘，在不受干擾時，會使人體有一個25小時――是的，25小時――的生理節(jié)奏。通常，這兩部計時系統(tǒng)是同步的，外界種種因素常常把內部時鐘調節(jié)到更為合理的24小時一周期。

　　If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different, the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together, now they ring at different times. Similarly, the body can he set for evening while the sun is rising.

　　但是如果你置身于一個與原先相差4小時的時區(qū)，兩個系統(tǒng)就亂了節(jié)奏。這就相當于兩只鬧鐘本來是一起定時，現(xiàn)在錯開幾小時定;本來可以一起鳴響，現(xiàn)在各按各的時間響。與之相似，大陽當空之時身體時鐘也會被定在晚上。

　　In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat. Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust.

　　當然生理系統(tǒng)會及時作自我調整，但需要時間。掌心出汗是容易觀察到的節(jié)律之一。一個人飛到時差為10個小時的時區(qū)里，那他就需要8個小時才能把掌心出汗調整過來。血壓也是有節(jié)律的，需要四天才能調整過來。

　　One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. The hormone cortisol, which controls salt and water excretion, is made in the morning, wherever the body is. But the growth hormone is released during sleep, whenever in the day that sleep occurs. Normally these two hormones are separated by seven or eight hours, but if the body arrives at a destination in the early morning (local) and goes to sleep as soon as possible, the two hormones will be released simultaneously.

　　這種差異的原因是各種生理活動受著不同因素的制約?？刂浦}和水排泄的激素性皮質醇無論身體處于何地都在早晨產(chǎn)生，但生長激素只在人睡眠中釋放。正常情況下，這兩種激素的釋放時間相隔7到8小時。但如果一個人在當?shù)貢r間凌晨到達某個地方，很快進入睡眠，那么兩種激素就會同時釋放。

　　What can we do about it? It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut. It relies on two things -- the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee.

　　那么，我們怎么辦呢?等待四個小時讓身體去適應新時區(qū)不是辦法。幸好，有一條捷徑。它依賴于兩件東西：一是腸胃調節(jié)其他生理活動節(jié)奏的能力，二是咖啡的藥理作用。

　　The basic assumptions are: Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night. Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral. Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness, while carbohydrates promote sleep. Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.

　　基本的道理是這樣的： 早晨咖啡減慢身體時鐘，夜里加快它。下午三點左右沒有作用。食物中的蛋白質促人清醒，而碳水化合物促人困倦。空腹吃東西有利于調整體內時鐘。

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