2011鑷ㄥ簥鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)锛氱窗(x矛)鑿屾杩�

2011鑷ㄥ簥鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯€冭│寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)锛氱窗(x矛)鑿屾杩�

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿�(鑻辨枃鍚嶏細Bacteria)鏄敓鐗╃殑涓昏椤炵兢涔嬩竴锛屽爆浜庣窗(x矛)鑿屽煙銆傜窗(x矛)鑿屾槸鎵€鏈夌敓鐗╀腑鏁�(sh霉)閲忔渶澶氱殑涓€椤�锛屾摎(j霉)浼拌▓(j矛)锛屽叾绺芥暩(sh霉)绱勬湁 5×1030鍊�(g猫)[1].绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑鍊�(g猫)楂旈潪甯稿皬锛岀洰鍓嶅凡鐭ユ渶灏忕殑绱�(x矛)鑿屽彧鏈�0.2寰背闀穂2] 锛屽洜姝ゅぇ澶氬彧鑳藉湪椤井閺′笅鐪嬪埌瀹冨€�銆傜窗(x矛)鑿屼竴鑸槸鍠窗(x矛)鑳�锛岀窗(x矛)鑳炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绨″柈锛岀己涔忕窗(x矛)鑳炴牳銆佺窗(x矛)鑳為鏋朵互鍙婅啘鐙€鑳炲櫒锛屼緥濡傜矑绶氶珨鍜岃憠缍犻珨?锛涱媱璋禓浜涚壒寰�锛岀窗(x矛)鑿屽爆浜庡師鏍哥敓鐗�(Prokaryota)銆傚師鏍哥敓鐗╀腑閭勬湁鍙︿竴椤炵敓鐗╃ū鍋氬彜绱�(x矛)鑿�(Archaea)锛屾槸绉戝(xu茅)瀹朵緷鎿�(j霉)婕斿寲闂�(gu膩n)绯昏€屽彟杈熺殑椤炲垾銆傜偤浜嗗崁(q奴)鍒�锛屾湰椤炵敓鐗╀篃琚ū鍋氱湡绱�(x矛)鑿�(Eubacteria)銆�

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿屽唬娉涘垎甯冧簬鍦熷￥鍜屾按涓�锛屾垨钁楄垏鍏朵粬鐢熺墿鍏辩敓銆備汉楂旇韩涓婁篃甯舵湁鐩哥暥(d膩ng)澶氱殑绱�(x矛)鑿�銆傛摎(j霉)浼拌▓(j矛)锛屼汉楂斿収(n猫i)鍙婅〃鐨笂鐨勭窗(x矛)鑿岀窗(x矛)鑳炵附鏁�(sh霉)绱勬槸浜洪珨绱�(x矛)鑳炵附鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫崄鍊峓3].姝ゅ锛屼篃鏈夐儴鍒嗙ó椤炲垎甯冨湪妤电鐨勭挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑锛屼緥濡傛韩娉夛紝鐢氳嚦鏄斁灏勬€у虎妫勭墿涓璠4]锛屽畠鍊戣姝搁鐐哄棞妤电敓鐗�锛屽叾涓渶钁楀悕鐨勭ó椤炰箣涓€鏄捣妫茬啽琚嶈弻(Thermotoga maritima)锛岀瀛�(xu茅)瀹舵槸鍦ㄦ剰澶у埄鐨勪竴搴ф捣搴曠伀灞变腑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)閫欑ó绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑[5].鐒惰€�锛岀窗(x矛)鑿岀殑绋鏄姝や箣澶�锛岀瀛�(xu茅)瀹剁爺绌堕亷骞跺懡鍚嶇殑绋鍙崰鍏朵腑鐨勫皬閮ㄤ唤銆傜窗(x矛)鑿屽煙涓嬫墍鏈夐杸涓紝鍙湁绱勪竴鍗婅兘鍦ㄥ(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ゅ煿椁�(y菐ng)鐨勭ó椤瀃6].

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑鐕熼(y菐ng)鏂瑰紡鏈夎嚜鐕熷強鐣扮嚐锛屽叾涓暟鐕熺殑鑵愮敓绱�(x矛)鑿屾槸鐢熸厠(t脿i)绯讳腑閲嶈鐨勫垎瑙ｈ€咃紝浣跨⒊寰挵(hu谩n)鑳介爢鍒╅€�(j矛n)琛�銆傞儴鍒嗙窗(x矛)鑿屾渻(hu矛)閫�(j矛n)琛屽浐姘綔鐢紝浣挎爱鍏冪礌寰椾互杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涚偤鐢熺墿鑳藉埄鐢ㄧ殑褰㈠紡銆傜窗(x矛)鑿屼篃灏�(du矛)浜洪娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鏈夊緢澶х殑褰遍熆銆備竴鏂归潰锛岀窗(x矛)鑿屾槸瑷卞鐤剧梾鐨勭梾鍘熼珨锛屽寘鎷偤绲�(ji茅)鏍搞€佹穻鐥�銆佺偔鐤界梾銆佹姣�銆侀紶鐤�銆佺爞鐪肩瓑鐤剧梾閮芥槸鐢辩窗(x矛)鑿屾墍寮曠櫦(f膩)銆傜劧鑰�锛屼汉椤炰篃鏅�(sh铆)甯稿埄鐢ㄧ窗(x矛)鑿岋紝渚嬪濂堕叒鍙婇吀濂剁殑鍒朵綔銆侀儴鍒嗘姉鐢熺礌鐨勫埗閫犮€佸虎姘寸殑铏曠悊绛�锛岄兘鑸囩窗(x矛)鑿屾湁闂�(gu膩n)銆傚湪鐢熺墿绉戞妧闋�(l菒ng)鍩熶腑锛岀窗(x矛)鑿屾湁涔熻憲寤ｆ硾鐨勯亱(y霉n)鐢�銆�

銆€銆€姝峰彶

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿岄€欏€�(g猫)鍚嶈鏈€鍒濈敱寰峰湅绉戝(xu茅)瀹跺焹鍊集鏍�(Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg锛� 1795-1876)鍦�1828骞存彁鍑�锛岀敤渚嗘寚浠ｆ煇绋窗(x矛)鑿屻€傞€欏€�(g猫)瑭炰締婧愪簬甯岃嚇瑾�βακτηριον锛屾剰鐐�“灏忔瀛�”銆�

銆€銆€1866骞达紝寰峰湅鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╁(xu茅)瀹�?锛熻椄?Ernst Haeckel锛� 1834-1919)寤鸿浣跨敤“鍘熺敓鐢熺墿”锛屽寘鎷墍鏈夊柈绱�(x矛)鑳炵敓鐗�(绱�(x矛)鑿屻€佽椈椤�銆佺湡鑿屽拰鍘熺敓鍕�(d貌ng)鐗�)銆�

銆€銆€1878骞�锛屾硶鍦嬪绉戦啱(y墨)鐢熷杩倕(Charles Emmanuel Sedillot锛� 1804-1883)鎻愬嚭“寰敓鐗�”渚嗘弿杩扮窗(x矛)鑿岀窗(x矛)鑳炴垨鑰呮洿鏅亶鐨勭敤渚嗘寚寰皬鐢熺墿楂�銆�

銆€銆€鍥�?y脿n)姒�?x矛)鑿屾槸鍠窗(x矛)鑳炲井鐢熺墿锛岀敤鑲夌溂鐒℃硶鐪嬭锛岄渶瑕佺敤椤井閺′締瑙€瀵熴€�1683骞�锛屽垪鏂囪檸鍏�(Antony van Leeuwenhoek锛� 1632–1723)鏈€鍏堜娇鐢ㄨ嚜宸辫ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勫柈閫忛彙椤井閺¤瀵熷埌浜嗙窗(x矛)鑿�锛屽ぇ姒傛斁澶�200鍊�銆傝矾鏄�銆傚反鏂痉(Louis Pasteur锛� 1822-1895)鍜岀緟浼壒?锛熷潽?Robert Koch锛� 1843-1910)鎸囧嚭绱�(x矛)鑿屽彲灏�(d菐o)鑷寸柧鐥�銆�

銆€銆€绻佹畺

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿屽彲浠ヤ互鐒℃€ф垨鑰呴伜鍌抽噸绲勫叐绋柟寮忕箒娈栵紝鏈€涓昏鐨勬柟寮忔槸浠ヤ簩鍒嗚娉曢€欑ó鐒℃€х箒娈栫殑鏂瑰紡锛氫竴鍊�(g猫)绱�(x矛)鑿岀窗(x矛)鑳炵窗(x矛)鑳炲姗悜鍒嗚锛屽舰鎴愬叐鍊�(g猫)瀛愪唬绱�(x矛)鑳�銆傚苟涓斿柈鍊�(g猫)绱�(x矛)鑳炰篃鏈�(hu矛)閫氶亷濡備笅骞剧ó鏂瑰紡鐧�(f膩)鐢熼伜鍌宠畩鐣帮細绐佽畩(绱�(x矛)鑳炶嚜韬殑閬哄偝瀵嗙⒓鐧�(f膩)鐢熼毃姗�(j墨)鏀硅畩)锛岃綁(zhu菐n)鍖�(鐒′慨椋剧殑DNA寰炰竴鍊�(g猫)绱�(x矛)鑿岃綁(zhu菐n)绉诲埌婧舵恫涓彟涓€鍊�(g猫)绱�(x矛)鑿屼腑)锛岃綁(zhu菐n)鏌�(鐥呮瘨鐨勬垨绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑DNA锛屾垨鑰呭叐鑰呯殑DNA锛岄€氶亷鍣弻楂旇綁(zhu菐n)绉诲埌鍙︿竴鍊�(g猫)绱�(x矛)鑿屼腑)锛岀窗(x矛)鑿屾帴鍚�(涓€鍊�(g猫)绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑DNA閫氶亷鍏╃窗(x矛)鑿岄枔褰㈡垚鐨勭壒娈婄殑铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾帴鍚堣弻姣涳紝杞�(zhu菐n)绉诲埌鍙︿竴鍊�(g猫)绱�(x矛)鑿�)銆傜窗(x矛)鑿屽彲浠ラ€氶亷閫欎簺鏂瑰紡鐛插緱DNA锛岀劧鍚庨€�(j矛n)琛屽垎瑁�锛屽皣閲嶇祫鐨勫熀鍥犵祫鍌崇郸鍚庝唬銆傝ū澶氱窗(x矛)鑿岄兘鍚湁鍖呭惈鏌撹壊楂斿DNA鐨勮唱(zh矛)绮掋€�

銆€銆€铏曚簬鏈夊埄鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧腑鏅�(sh铆)锛岀窗(x矛)鑿屽彲浠ュ舰鎴愯倝鐪煎彲瑕嬬殑闆嗗悎楂�锛屼緥濡傝弻绨囥€�

銆€銆€浠ｈ瑵

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿屽叿鏈夎ū澶氫笉鍚岀殑浠ｈ瑵鏂瑰紡銆備竴浜涚窗(x矛)鑿屽彧闇€瑕佷簩姘у寲纰充綔鐐哄畠鍊戠殑纰虫簮锛岃绋变綔鑷(y菐ng)鐢熺墿銆傞偅浜涢€氶亷鍏夊悎浣滅敤寰炲厜涓嵅鍙栬兘閲忕殑锛岀ū鐐哄厜鍚堣嚜椁�(y菐ng)鐢熺墿銆傞偅浜涗緷闈犳哀鍖栧寲鍚堢墿涓嵅鍙栬兘閲忕殑锛岀ū鐐哄寲鑳借嚜椁�(y菐ng)鐢熺墿銆傚彟澶栦竴浜涚窗(x矛)鑿屼緷闈犳湁姗�(j墨)鐗╁舰寮忕殑纰充綔鐐虹⒊婧愶紝绋辩偤鐣伴(y菐ng)鐢熺墿銆�

銆€銆€鍏夊悎鑷(y菐ng)鑿屽寘鎷棈(l谩n)绱�(x矛)鑿�(Cyanobacteria)锛屽畠鏄凡鐭ョ殑鏈€鍙よ€佺殑鐢熺墿锛屽彲鑳藉湪鍒堕€犲湴鐞冨ぇ姘ｇ殑姘ф埃涓捣浜嗛噸瑕佷綔鐢ㄣ€傚叾浠栫殑鍏夊悎绱�(x矛)鑿岄€�(j矛n)琛屼竴浜涗笉鍒堕€犳哀姘ｇ殑閬庣▼銆傚寘鎷稜纭窗(x矛)鑿岋紝缍犻潪纭窗(x矛)鑿�锛岀传纭窗(x矛)鑿�锛岀传闈炵～绱�(x矛)鑿屽拰澶櫧妗胯弻銆�

銆€銆€姝ｅ父鐢熼暦鎵€闇€瑕佺殑鐕熼(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍖呮嫭姘�锛岀～锛岀７锛岀董鐢熺礌鍜岄噾灞厓绱�锛屼緥濡傞垑锛岄墍锛岄垼锛岄巶锛岄惖锛岄媴鍜岄埛銆�

銆€銆€鏍规摎(j霉)瀹冨€戝皪(du矛)姘ф埃鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽ぇ閮ㄥ垎绱�(x矛)鑿屽彲浠ヨ鍒嗙偤浠ヤ笅涓夐锛氫竴浜涘彧鑳藉湪姘ф埃瀛樺湪鐨勬儏娉佷笅鐢熼暦锛岀ū鐐洪渶姘ц弻;鍙︿竴浜涘彧鑳藉湪娌掓湁姘ф埃瀛樺湪鐨勬儏娉佷笅鐢熼暦锛岀ū鐐哄幁姘ц弻;閭勬湁涓€浜涚劇璜栨湁姘х劇姘ч兘鑳界敓闀�锛岀ū鐐哄吋鎬у幁姘ц弻銆傜窗(x矛)鑿屼篃鑳藉湪浜洪瑾�(r猫n)鐐烘槸妤电鐨勭挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑鏃虹洓寰楃敓闀�锛岄€欓鐢熺墿琚ū鐐烘サ绔井鐢熺墿銆備竴浜涚窗(x矛)鑿屽瓨鍦ㄤ簬婧硥涓�锛岃绋辩偤鍡滅啽绱�(x矛)鑿�;鍙︿竴浜涘眳浣忓湪楂橀菇婀栦腑锛岀ū鐐哄枩楣藉井鐢熺墿;閭勬湁涓€浜涘瓨鍦ㄤ簬閰告€ф垨鍫挎€х挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑锛岃绋辩偤鍡滈吀绱�(x矛)鑿屽拰鍡滃牽绱�(x矛)鑿�;鍙︽湁涓€浜涘瓨鍦ㄤ簬闃跨埦鍗戞柉灞卞啺宸濅腑锛岃绋辩偤鍡滃喎绱�(x矛)鑿�銆�

銆€銆€閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)

銆€銆€閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鍨嬬窗(x矛)鑿屽彲浠ヤ緷闈犻灜姣�锛岀窗(x矛)鑿屾粦琛屾垨鏀硅畩娴姏渚嗗洓铏曠Щ鍕�(d貌ng)銆傚彟涓€椤炵窗(x矛)鑿�锛岃灪鏃嬮珨锛屽叿鏈変竴浜涢浼奸灜姣涚殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀ū鐐鸿桓绲�锛岄€ｆ帴鍛ㄨ唱(zh矛)鐨勫叐绱�(x矛)鑳炶啘銆傜暥(d膩ng)浠栧€戠Щ鍕�(d貌ng)鏅�(sh铆)锛岃韩楂斿憟鐝�(xi脿n)鎵洸鐨勮灪鏃嬪瀷銆傝灪鏃嬭弻鍓囦笉鍏疯桓绲诧紝浣嗗叾鍏锋湁闉瘺銆�

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿岄灜姣涗互涓嶅悓鏂瑰紡鎺掑竷銆傜窗(x矛)鑿屼竴绔彲浠ユ湁鍠崹(d煤)鐨勬サ闉瘺锛屾垨鑰呬竴鍙㈤灜姣涖€傚懆姣涜弻琛ㄩ潰鍏锋湁鍒嗘暎鐨勯灜姣�銆�

銆€銆€閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鍨嬬窗(x矛)鑿屽彲浠ヨ鐗瑰畾鍒烘縺鍚稿紩鎴栭﹨(q奴)閫�锛岄€欏€�(g猫)琛岀偤绋变綔瓒ㄦ€�锛屼緥濡�锛岃定鍖栨€э紝瓒ㄥ厜鎬�锛岃定姗�(j墨)姊版€�銆傚湪涓€绋壒娈婄殑绱�(x矛)鑿�锛岀矘绱�(x矛)鑿屼腑锛屽€�(g猫)楂旂窗(x矛)鑿屼簰鐩稿惛寮�锛岃仛闆嗘垚鍦�(tu谩n)锛屽舰鎴愬瓙瀵�(sh铆)楂�銆�

銆€銆€褰㈡厠(t脿i)

銆€銆€妗胯弻锛岀悆鑿岋紝铻烘棆鑿�锛屽姬鑿�

銆€銆€鍒嗛鍦颁綅

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑鍒嗛鐨勮畩鍖栨牴鏈笂鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)浜嗙櫦(f膩)灞曞彶鎬濇兂鐨勮畩鍖�锛岃ū澶氱ó椤炵敋鑷崇稉(j墨ng)甯告敼璁婃垨鏀瑰悕銆傛渶杩戦毃钁楀熀鍥犳脯(c猫)搴�锛屽熀鍥犵祫瀛�(xu茅)锛岀敓鐗╀俊鎭(xu茅)鍜岃▓(j矛)绠楃敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曪紝绱�(x矛)鑿屽(xu茅)琚斁鍒颁簡涓€鍊�(g猫)鍚堥仼鐨勪綅缃�銆�

銆€銆€鏈€鍒濋櫎浜嗚棈(l谩n)绱�(x矛)鑿屽(瀹冨畬鍏ㄦ矑鏈夎姝哥偤绱�(x矛)鑿岋紝鑰屾槸姝哥偤钘�(l谩n)缍犺椈)锛屽叾浠栫窗(x矛)鑿岃瑾�(r猫n)鐐烘槸涓€椤炵湡鑿�銆傞毃钁楀畠鍊戠殑鐗规畩鐨勫師鏍哥窗(x矛)鑳炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)琚櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岄€欐槑椤笉鍚屼簬鍏朵粬鐢熺墿(瀹冨€戦兘鏄湡鏍哥敓鐗�)锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷寸窗(x矛)鑿屾鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)鍠崹(d煤)鐨勭ó椤烇紝鍦ㄤ笉鍚屾檪(sh铆)鏈熻绋辩偤鍘熸牳鐢熺墿锛岀窗(x矛)鑿�锛屽師鏍哥敓鐗╃晫銆備竴鑸獚(r猫n)鐐虹湡鏍哥敓鐗╀締婧愪簬鍘熸牳鐢熺墿銆�

銆€銆€閫氶亷鐮旂┒rRNA搴忓垪锛岀編鍦嬪浼嶈尣(Carl Woese)浜�1976骞存彁鍑�锛屽師鏍哥敓鐗╁寘鍚叐鍊�(g猫)澶х殑椤炵兢銆備粬灏囧叾绋辩偤鐪熺窗(x矛)鑿�(Eubacteria)鍜屽彜绱�(x矛)鑿�(Archaebacteria)锛屽悗渚嗚鏀瑰悕鐐虹窗(x矛)鑿�(Bacteria)鍜屽彜鑿�(Archaea)銆備紞鑼叉寚鍑猴紝閫欏叐椤炵窗(x矛)鑿岃垏鐪熸牳绱�(x矛)鑳炴槸鐢变竴鍊�(g猫)鍘熷鐨勭敓鐗╁垎鍒ヨ捣婧愮殑涓嶅悓鐨勭ó椤�銆傜爺绌惰€呭凡缍�(j墨ng)鎷嬫浜嗛€欏€�(g猫)妯″瀷锛屼絾鏄笁鍩熺郴绲�(t菕ng)鐛插緱浜嗘櫘閬嶇殑瑾�(r猫n)鍚屻€傞€欐ǎ锛岀窗(x矛)鑿屽氨鍙互琚垎鐐哄咕鍊�(g猫)鐣�锛岃€屽湪鍏朵粬楂旂郴涓瑾�(r猫n)鐐烘槸涓€鍊�(g猫)鐣�銆傚畠鍊戦€氬父琚獚(r猫n)鐐烘槸涓€鍊�(g猫)鍠簮鐨勭兢楂�锛屼絾鏄€欑ó鏂规硶浠嶆湁鐖銆�

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿屽垎椤�

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿屽彲浠ユ寜鐓т笉鍚岀殑鏂瑰紡鍒嗛銆傜窗(x矛)鑿屽叿鏈変笉鍚岀殑褰㈢媭銆傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎绱�(x矛)鑿屾槸濡備笅涓夐锛氭】鑿屾槸妫掔媭;鐞冭弻鏄悆褰�(渚嬪閺堢悆鑿屾垨钁¤悇鐞冭弻);铻烘棆鑿屾槸铻烘棆褰�銆傚彟涓€椤�锛屽姬鑿�锛屾槸閫楄櫉(h脿o)褰€€�

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍗佸垎绨″柈锛屽師鏍哥敓鐗�锛屾矑鏈夎啘绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炲櫒渚嬪绶氱矑楂斿拰钁夌稜楂旓紝浣嗘槸鏈夌窗(x矛)鑳炲銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)绱�(x矛)鑳炲鐨勭祫鎴愭垚鍒嗭紝绱�(x矛)鑿屽垎鐐洪潻铇皬闄芥€ц弻鍜岄潻铇皬闄版€ц弻銆�“闈╄槶姘�”渚嗘簮浜庝腹楹ョ窗(x矛)鑿屽(xu茅)瀹堕潻铇�(Hans Christian Gram)锛屼粬鐧�(f膩)鏄庝簡闈╄槶姘忔煋鑹�銆�

銆€銆€鏈変簺绱�(x矛)鑿岀窗(x矛)鑳炲澶栨湁澶氱硸褰㈡垚鐨勮帰鑶滐紝褰㈡垚浜嗕竴灞ら伄钃嬬墿鎴栧寘鑶�銆傝帰鑶滃彲浠ュ公鍔╃窗(x矛)鑿屽湪骞叉棻瀛ｇ瘈(ji茅)铏曚簬浼戠湢鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛屽苟鑳藉劜(ch菙)瀛橀鐗╁拰铏曠悊寤㈢墿銆�

銆€銆€鐢ㄨ檿鍜屽嵄瀹�

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿屽皪(du矛)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冿紝浜洪鍜屽嫊(d貌ng)鐗╂棦鏈夌敤铏曞張鏈夊嵄瀹�銆備竴浜涚窗(x矛)鑿屾垚鐐虹梾鍘熼珨锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷翠簡鐮村偡棰�(f膿ng)銆佸偡瀵�銆佽偤鐐庛€佹姣�銆侀湇浜傚拰鑲虹祼(ji茅)鏍�銆傚湪妞嶇墿涓�锛岀窗(x矛)鑿屽皫(d菐o)鑷磋憠鏂戠梾銆佺伀鐤梾鍜岃悗钄€傛劅鏌撴柟寮忓寘鎷帴瑙�銆佺┖姘ｅ偝鎾�銆侀鐗�銆佹按鍜屽付鑿屽井鐢熺墿銆傜梾鍘熼珨鍙互鐢ㄦ姉鐢熺礌铏曠悊锛屾姉鐢熺礌鍒嗙偤娈鸿弻鍨嬪拰鎶戣弻鍨�銆�

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿岄€氬父鑸囬叺姣嶈弻鍙婂叾浠栫ó椤炵殑鐪熻弻涓€璧风敤浜庡闯閰甸鐗╋紝渚嬪鍦ㄩ唻鐨勫偝绲�(t菕ng)鍒堕€犻亷绋嬩腑锛屽氨鏄埄鐢ㄧ┖姘ｄ腑鐨勯唻閰歌弻(Acetobacter)浣块厭杞�(zhu菐n)璁婃垚閱�銆傚叾浠栧埄鐢ㄧ窗(x矛)鑿屽埗閫犵殑椋熷搧閭勬湁濂堕叒銆佹场鑿�銆侀啲娌�銆侀唻銆侀厭銆侀吀濂剁瓑[7][8].绱�(x矛)鑿屼篃鑳藉鍒嗘硨澶氱ó鎶楃敓绱�锛屼緥濡傞張闇夌礌鍗虫槸鐢遍張闇夎弻(Steptomyces)鎵€鍒嗘硨鐨刐9].

銆€銆€绱�(x矛)鑿岃兘闄嶈В澶氱ó鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鑳藉姏涔熷父琚敤渚嗘竻闄ゆ薄鏌擄紝绋卞仛鐢熺墿寰�(f霉)鑲�(bioremediation )銆傝垑渚嬩締瑾�锛岀瀛�(xu茅)瀹跺埄鐢ㄥ棞鐢茬兎鑿�(methanotroph)渚嗗垎瑙ｇ編鍦嬩綈娌讳簽宸炵殑涓夋隘涔欑儻鍜屽洓姘箼鐑薄鏌揫9].

銆€銆€鍏朵粬绱�(x矛)鑿屾槸闈炲父鍙よ€佺殑鐢熺墿锛屽ぇ绱勫嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜�37鍎勫勾鍓�銆�

銆€銆€鐪熸牳鐢熺墿绱�(x矛)鑳炰腑鐨勫叐绋窗(x矛)鑳炲櫒锛氱窔绮掗珨鍜岃憠缍犻珨锛岄€氬父琚獚(r猫n)鐐烘槸渚嗘簮浜庡収(n猫i)鍏辩敓绱�(x矛)鑿�銆�

銆€銆€寰敓鐗╁ぇ閲忓垎甯冧簬鏈夐鐗╋紝娼繒锛屽悎閬╃殑婧害锛岄仼浜庡畠鍊戠箒娈栧拰鐢熼暦鐨勫湴鏂�銆傜窗(x矛)鑿屽彲浠ヨ姘ｆ祦寰炰竴鍊�(g猫)鍦版柟甯跺埌鍙︿竴鍊�(g猫)鍦版柟銆備汉楂旀槸澶ч噺绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑妫叉伅鍦�;鍙互鍦ㄧ毊鑶氳〃闈�銆佽吀閬撱€佸彛鑵�銆侀蓟瀛愬拰鍏朵粬韬珨閮ㄤ綅鎵惧埌銆傚畠鍊戝瓨鍦ㄤ簬浜洪鍛煎惛鐨勭┖姘ｄ腑锛屽枬鐨勬按涓�锛屽悆鐨勯鐗╀腑銆�

• 2010閱�(y墨)甯瓎瑭﹁€冨悗浜ゆ祦鑸囨垚绺炬煡瑭�
• 2011骞撮啱(y墨)甯硣鏍艰€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撻爯(y霉)娓�(c猫)
• 2011鑷ㄥ簥鍩�(zh铆)妤�(y猫)閱�(y墨)甯玍IP绨界磩淇濋亷鐝�
• 灏忚布澹細2010閱�(y墨)甯€冨悗蹇呯煡娴佺▼
• 2009缍�(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)甯硣鏍艰€冭│杓斿皫(d菐o)閫氶亷鐜�

鏇村淇℃伅瑷晱锛�鑷ㄥ簥閱�(y墨)甯€冭│闋婚亾 鑷ㄥ簥閱�(y墨)甯€冭│璜栧 鑷ㄥ簥閱�(y墨)甯€冭│鍗氬