2009骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾炵湡椤屼箣琛�(w猫i)鐢熼A绱�(j铆)闁辫畝鐞嗚В

鏇存柊鏅�(sh铆)闁擄細2015-12-10 11:50:58 渚嗘簮锛殀0

鐎忚

鏀惰棌

銆€銆€绗�4閮ㄥ垎锛氶柋璁€鐞嗚В(绗�31锝�45椤�锛屾瘡椤�3鍒�锛屽叡45鍒�)

銆€銆€涓嬮潰鏈�3绡囩煭鏂�锛屾瘡绡囩煭鏂囧悗鏈�5閬撻銆傝珛(q菒ng)鏍规摎(j霉)鐭枃鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛岀偤姣忛纰哄畾1鍊�(g猫)鏈€浣抽伕闋�(xi脿ng)銆�

銆€銆€绗竴绡�

銆€銆€Youth Emancipation in Spain

銆€銆€The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.

銆€銆€Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.

銆€銆€To coax (鍕歌獦) young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation (瑙ｆ斁)" program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.

銆€銆€Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious (涓嶇┅(w臎n)瀹氱殑) labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.

銆€銆€Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists (绀炬渻(hu矛)瀛�(xu茅)瀹�). Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding".

銆€銆€"In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized" said Minguez.

銆€銆€In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (澶栫敟/渚勫瓙) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.

銆€銆€Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.

銆€銆€"A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos I11 University in Madrid.

銆€銆€Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores (瀹跺嫏(w霉)) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.

銆€銆€"His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said.

銆€銆€31 The "Youth Emancipation" program alms at helping young people

銆€銆€A銆€fight for freedom.

銆€銆€B銆€fight against social injustice.

銆€銆€C銆€get rid of family responsibilities,

銆€銆€D銆€live in an independent way.

銆€銆€32 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in

銆€銆€A銆€Finland.

銆€銆€B銆€Greece.

銆€銆€C銆€Spain.

銆€銆€D銆€Italy.

銆€銆€33 Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT

銆€銆€A銆€parents' tolerance.

銆€銆€B銆€housing problems.

銆€銆€C銆€cultural traditions.

銆€銆€D銆€unwillingness to get married

銆€銆€34 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso?

銆€銆€A銆€She is 60 years old.

銆€銆€B銆€She has a boyfriend.

銆€銆€C銆€She has three children

銆€銆€D銆€She lives in Madrid

銆€銆€35 The phrase "wary of" m paragraph 8 could be best replaced by

銆€銆€A銆€tired of.

銆€銆€B銆€afraid of.

銆€銆€C銆€cautious about.

銆€銆€D銆€worried about.

銆€銆€绗簩绡�

銆€銆€Surprised by a Miracle

銆€銆€I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a "coma" (鏄忚糠) patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. "Following commands" is what we call it often it's "wishful thinking" on the families' part. Nurses can easily become

銆€銆€callous (楹绘湪涓嶄粊鐨�) to it.

銆€銆€On this particular night during visiting hours, my patient's wife came ~n. I had taken care of him for several nights I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didn't do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning (鎶藉惛)

銆€銆€His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, "Donna, he's moving his hand!"

銆€銆€I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, "1 asked him to squeeze my hand and he did!"

銆€銆€This led me to another train of questioning. "But, did he let go when you asked him to?" She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked

銆€銆€I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify (鎾叞) her than to make her think that I didn't believe her or that she was somehow mistaken.

銆€銆€She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did.

銆€銆€I said, "Well, ask him to let go." He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didn't believe that he had done it on purpose.

銆€銆€So, I said, "Ask him to hold up one finger." He did as asked.

銆€銆€Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen (鑵劰鐨�) and his eyes still closed. "Stick out your tongue!" I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone "wake up."

銆€銆€36銆€The first paragraph indicates that more often than not a coma patient

銆€銆€A銆€is found to be following commands.

銆€銆€B銆€is callous to nurses' commands.

銆€銆€C銆€is used to following commands.

銆€銆€D is thought to be following commands.

銆€銆€37銆€What condition had the patient been in before that particular night?

銆€銆€A銆€He had talked only with his wife.

銆€銆€B銆€He had moved only when hurt.

銆€銆€C銆€He had barely moved at all

銆€銆€D銆€He had been too lazy to do anything.

銆€銆€38銆€How did the author feel upon first hearing what the excited wife said?

銆€銆€A銆€She was doubtful.

銆€銆€B銆€She was amused.

銆€銆€C銆€She was scared.

銆€銆€D銆€She was shocked

銆€銆€39銆€What did the patient do on that particular night?

銆€銆€A銆€He squeezed and let go his wife's hand.

銆€銆€B銆€He held up one of his fingers.

銆€銆€C銆€He stuck out his tongue.

銆€銆€D銆€All of the above.

銆€銆€40銆€Why did the author almost fall on the floor';

銆€銆€A銆€Because she had been working too hard.

銆€銆€B銆€Because she had been deceived.

銆€銆€C銆€Because she had been tripped

銆€銆€D Because she could hardly believe her eyes

銆€銆€绗笁绡�

銆€銆€Slowing Aging: Way to Fight Diseases in 21st Century

銆€銆€A group of aging experts from the United States and the United Kingdom suggest that the best strategy for preventing and fighting a multitude of diseases is to focus on slowing the biological processes of aging.

銆€銆€"The traditional medical approach of attacking individual diseases - cancer, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (鏃╄€佹€х櫋鍛嗙梾) and Parkinson's disease (甯曢噾妫皬鐥�) -will soon become less effective if we do not determine how all of these diseases either interact or share common mechanisms with aging," says S. Jay Olshansky, professor of epidemiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health and senior author of the commentary.

銆€銆€Middle-aged and older people are most often impacted by simultaneous but independent medical conditions. A cure for any of the major fatal diseases would have only a marginal impact on life expectancy (闋�(y霉)鏈熷＝鍛�) and the length of healthy life, Olshansky said.

銆€銆€The authors suggest that a new paradigm (妯″紡) of health promotion and disease prevention could produce unprecedented social, economic and health dividends for current and future generations if the aging population is provided with extended years of healthy life.

銆€銆€They note that all living things, including humans, possess biochemical mechanisms that influence how quickly we age and, through dietary (椋查鐨�) intervention or genetic alteration, it is possible to extend lifespan to postpone aging-related processes and diseases.

銆€銆€Further research in laboratory models is expected to provide clues to and deeper understanding of how existing interventions, such as exercise and good nutrition, may lead to lifelong well-being.

銆€銆€The authors also propose greatly increased funding for basic research into the

銆€銆€"fundamental cellular (绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑) and physiological changes that drive aging itself."

銆€銆€"We believe that the potential benefits of slowing aging processes have been

銆€銆€underrecognized by most of the scientific community," said Olshansky. "We call on the health-research decision-makers to allocate substantial resources to support and develop practical interventions that slow aging in people."

銆€銆€An increase in age-related diseases and escalating health care costs make this the time for a "systematic attack on aging itself," the authors write.

銆€銆€Olshansky and colleagues contend that modern medicine is already heavily invested in efforts to extend life, and they argue that a fresh emphasis on aging has the potential to improve health and quality of life far more efficiently than is currently possible.

銆€銆€41銆€The experts believe the traditional approach of attacking individual diseases

銆€銆€A銆€is the best strategy for fighting diseases.

銆€銆€B銆€focuses on slowing aging processes.

銆€銆€C has gone out of date.

銆€銆€D銆€needs to be improved.

銆€銆€42銆€The authors hold a new paradigm of health promotion and disease prevention

銆€銆€A銆€could have great potential.

銆€銆€B銆€could be too expensive.

銆€銆€C銆€could be too complicated.

銆€銆€D銆€could be opposed by many people.

銆€銆€43銆€It is possible to extend lifespan by means of all the following EXCEPT

銆€銆€A銆€dietary intervention.