2014骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾�(y菙)(鐞嗗伐椤�)鏁欐潗闁辫畝鍒ゆ柗鏂囩珷鍙婅鏂�3

銆€銆€鐞嗗伐椤�-闁辫畝鍒ゆ柗

銆€銆€Smoking

銆€銆€Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1.

銆€銆€Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

銆€銆€Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

銆€銆€Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

銆€銆€娉ㄩ噵锛�

銆€銆€1.life expectancy锛氶爯(y霉)鏈熷＝鍛�

銆€銆€2.low tar tobacco锛氱劍娌瑰惈閲忎綆鐨勭厵鑽�

銆€銆€绶寸繏(x铆)锛�

銆€銆€1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.

銆€銆€A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

銆€銆€2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.

銆€銆€A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

銆€銆€3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.

銆€銆€A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

銆€銆€4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.

銆€銆€A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

銆€銆€5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.

銆€銆€A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

銆€銆€6. Nicotine is poisonous.

銆€銆€A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

銆€銆€7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe;

銆€銆€A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

銆€銆€绛旀鑸囬瑙ｏ細

銆€銆€1. B 瑭查瑾�(shu艒)鐨勬槸锛氬垽鏂锋娊鐓欏皪(du矛)鍋ュ悍鏄惁鏈夊嵄瀹虫槸瀹规槗鐨勩€備絾鏄�锛屾枃绔犵殑绗竴鍙ヨ┍鏄€欎箞瑾�(shu艒)鐨勶細鑷� 1939骞翠互渚�(l谩i)锛岄€�(j矛n)琛屼簡瑷卞娆＄爺绌�锛屽叾鐩殑閮芥槸鐐轰簡鍒ゆ柗鎶界厵灏�(du矛)鍋ュ悍鏄惁鏄竴绋嵄瀹�銆傚彲浠ョ湅鍑哄垽鏂锋娊鐓欏皪(du矛)鍋ュ悍鏄惁鏄竴绋嵄瀹冲苟涓嶅鏄�銆�

銆€銆€2. A 瑭查瑾�(shu艒)鐨勬槸锛氭娊鐓欐渻(hu矛)绺煭浜哄€戠殑闋�(y霉)鏈熷＝鍛�銆傝┎椤屾簮浜庣涓€娈垫渶鍚庝竴鍊�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙涓殑瀛愬彞锛� tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy鎶界厵鏈�(hu矛)绺煭浜哄€戠殑闋�(y霉)鏈熷＝鍛�銆�

銆€銆€3. A 瑭查瑾�(shu艒)鐨勬槸锛氭娊鐓欐湁鍙兘瑾樼櫦(f膩)鑲虹檶锛屾枃绔犵殑绗簩娈靛拰绗笁娈甸兘璎涘埌浜嗘娊鐓欒垏鑲虹檶鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�

銆€銆€4. C瑭查瑾�(shu艒)鐨勬槸锛氭湁璀夋摎(j霉)瑾�(shu艒)鏄庝钩鑵虹檶鏄娊鐓欒獦鐧�(f膩)鐨�銆傛枃绔犳矑(m茅i)鏈夋彁鍙婁钩鑵虹檶鑸囨娊鐓欑殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�

銆€銆€5. B 瑭查瑾�(shu艒)鐨勬槸锛氱敺鎬х厵姘戞浜庡績鑷熺梾鐨勬瘮鐜囧皬瀛愬コ鎬х厵姘戞浜庡績鑷熺梾鐨勬瘮鐜�銆傛枃绔犳矑(m茅i)鏈夌洿鎺ユ瘮杓冪敺鎬х厵姘戝拰濂虫€х厵姘戞浜庡績鑷熺梾鐨勬瘮鐜�锛屼絾鏈夐€欎箞涓€鍙ヨ┍锛� Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.鎿�(j霉)瑾�(r猫n)鐐哄コ鎬х厵姘戝苟涓嶆妸鐓欏惛寰楀緢娣�锛岀厵灏�(du矛)濂瑰€戠殑褰遍熆灏忓瓙鐢锋€х厵姘�銆傚緸涓彲浠ユ帹鏂峰嚭鐨勬槸锛氱敺鎬х厵姘戞浜庡績鑷熺梾鐨勬瘮鐜囬珮浜庡コ鎬х厵姘戞瀛愬績鑷熺梾鐨勬瘮鐜�銆傚洜姝よ┎椤岀殑鍛介鏄尟(cu貌)瑾ょ殑銆�

銆€銆€6. A 瑭查瑾�(shu艒)鐨勬槸锛氬凹鍙や竵鏄湁姣掔殑銆傜瓟妗堝彲鍦ㄧ涓夋鎵惧埌銆�

銆€銆€7. B 瑭查瑾�(shu艒)鐨勬槸锛氭湁浜嗛亷(gu貌)婵惧槾鍜岀劍娌瑰惈閲忎綆鐨勭厵鑽�锛屾娊鐓欐槸瀹夊叏鐨勩€傛枃绔犵殑鏈€鍚庝竴娈�(涔熸槸鏈€鍚庝竴鍙� )鏄€欎箞瑾�(shu艒)鐨勶細鎿�(j霉)绋�锛岄亷(gu貌)婵惧槾鍜岀劍娌瑰惈閲忎綆鐨勭厵鑽夊湪鏌愮ó绋嬪害涓婁娇鎶界厵璁婂緱杓冪偤瀹夊叏锛屼絾鏄畠鍊戝彧鏄暐寰笡灏戝嵄瀹宠€屼笉鏄秷闄ゅ嵄瀹�銆傚洜姝よ┎椤岀殑鍛介鏄尟(cu貌)瑾ょ殑銆�

銆€銆€璀枃锛氬惛鐓�

銆€銆€鑷�1939骞翠互渚�(l谩i)锛屼汉鍊戦€�(j矛n)琛屼簡鐒�(w煤)鏁�(sh霉)娆＄爺绌�锛屼互纰哄畾鍚哥厵鏄惁鍗卞鍋ュ悍銆傝瓑鎿�(j霉)鐨勮定鍚戞槸涓€鑷寸殑锛� 骞朵笖椤ず鍑哄惛鐓欏皪(du矛)鍋ュ悍鏈夊毚(y谩n)閲嶅嵄瀹炽€傜爺绌剁祫閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑鐮旂┒瓒呭嚭浜嗘墍鏈夊悎鐞嗙殑鎳风枒锛岃〃鏄庡惛鐓欒垏浜虹殑 闋�(y霉)鏈熷＝鍛界殑绺煭鏈夐棞(gu膩n)銆�

銆€銆€閫欏€�(g猫)闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑澶ч儴鍒嗙爺绌朵汉鍝￠兘瑾�(r猫n)鐐哄惛鐓欐槸鑲虹檶鍜屽枆鐧岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑閲嶈嵔鍘熷洜锛屽苟涓斿拰浜洪珨鍏朵粬鏌愪簺 鍣ㄥ畼鐨勭檶鐧ユ湁闂�(gu膩n)銆傚惛鐓欑殑鐢锋€у洜蹇冭嚐鐥呯殑姝讳骸鐜囩浜庝笉鍚哥厵鐨勭敺鎬�銆傚コ鎬у惛鐓欒€呰瑾�(r猫n)鐐哄彈鐨勫奖闊� 杓冨皬锛屽洜?y脿n)妯楅交鍎剧哀閽楅及鐓�?/P>

銆€銆€闄や簡绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)涔嬪锛岀湅涓€鐪嬪惛鐓欏皪(du矛)浜洪珨鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ篃鍙兘鏈�(hu矛)鏈夊公鍔┿€傜厵鏄悇绋埃楂�銆佽捀鐧�(f膩)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鐗�銆� 寰皬鐨勭伆鍜屽叾浠栧浐楂旈绮掔殑娣峰悎鐗�銆傞噷闈㈤倓鏈夊緢寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勬瘨绱犲凹鍙や竵鍜岄粦鐒︽补銆傜暥(d膩ng)鐓欒鐜诲叆鏅�(sh铆)锛屾墍鏈� 閫欎簺鎴愬垎褰㈡垚鑲鸿啘涓婄殑娌夋穩鐗�銆傞泦涓殑涓€榛�(di菐n)鏄埃绠″拰鏀埃绠″垎鍙夌殑鍦版柟銆傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎鑲虹檶闁嬪浜庨€� 涓€榛�(di菐n)銆�

銆€銆€婵惧槾鍜岀劍娌瑰惈閲忎綆鐨勭厵鑽夎瀹ｇū浣挎娊鐓欏湪鏌愮ó绋嬪害涓婂畨鍏ㄤ竴浜�锛屼絾鏄畠鍊戝彧鑳界◢寰檷浣庡嵄 瀹宠€屼笉鏄秷闄ゅ嵄瀹�銆�

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