銆€銆€榛�(di菐n)鎿婇€�(j矛n)鍏ワ細2014骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾�(y菙)(琛�(w猫i)鐢熼)鏁欐潗姒傛嫭澶ф剰鏂囩珷鍖附

銆€銆€琛�(w猫i)鐢熼-姒傛嫭澶ф剰銆€銆€

The Safeness of IUDs for HIV-positive Women

銆€銆€1. Women infected with the most common form of HIV may safely use the intrauterine device (IUD)for contraception, provided they see a doctor regularly, new study findings suggest.

銆€銆€2. World Health Organization guidelines currently state that, in general, HIV-infected women should avoid IUDs. 鈥淭hose guidelines were essentially made on theoretical concerns, and there are really very little data on what contraceptive is appropriate for HIV-infected women,3鈥� said the lead author Dr. Charles S. Morrison in North Carolina4.

銆€銆€3. Morrison and colleagues gathered information on IUD-related complications at 1, 4 and 24 months after placement of the device in 636 women living in Nairobi, Kenya5. Of these women, 156 had HIV infection. Participating physicians did not know the patients鈥� HIV status. There was 鈥渓(f膩)ittle difference in any side effects in HIV-infected women compared with HIV-uninfected women, suggesting that the IUD is likely an appropriate method for HIV-infected women,鈥� Morrison said. 鈥淭his is an important issue, because there are now 16 million women living with HIV and a lot of them have a critical need for contraception,鈥� he added.

銆€銆€4. The researchers did find6 that women with infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia at the study鈥檚 outset were at increased risk of IUD complications, confirming current guidelines suggesting that women with sexually transmitted diseases not use IUDs.7

銆€銆€5. In addition, there was no difference in the amount of virus the HIV-positive women were releasing from their cervix, or shedding8, at the beginning of the study compared with 4 months after the IUD was inserted, the researchers reported in the August issue of the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conversely, some studies have shown a relationship between increased cervical HIV shedding and the use of oral contraceptives.

銆€銆€6. 鈥淲hat this study suggests is that you need to avoid IUD use in women with a cervical infection but not women with HIV infection,鈥滿orrison said. 鈥淲omen with cervical infections are at increased risk of complications: women with HIV infection are not.鈥�

銆€銆€瑭炲尟锛�

銆€銆€intrauterine 瀛愬鍏�(n猫i)鐨� outset 闁嬮牠锛屾渶鍒� contraception 绡€(ji茅)鑲�锛岄伩瀛�

銆€銆€cervix .闋�锛屽闋�(pl. cervices 鎴� cervixes) contraceptive 閬垮瓡鐨�; n.閬垮瓡宸ュ叿锛岄伩瀛曡棩鐗�

銆€銆€shedding 鑴惤鐗� complication 骞剁櫦(f膩)鐧�

銆€銆€obstetrics 鐢�(ch菐n)绉戝(xu茅) gonorrhea 娣嬬梾 gyn(a)ecology 濠︾瀛�(xu茅)

銆€銆€chlamydia 琛ｅ師楂�(pl. chlamydiae) cervical 闋哥殑(濡傚闋哥殑)

銆€銆€娉ㄩ噵:

銆€銆€1.IUD = IUCD (鐐篿ntrauterine contraceptive device鐨勯瀛楁瘝绺)锛氬鍏�(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒

銆€銆€2.HIV-positive锛氫汉椤炲厤鐤己闄风梾姣掓鏌ラ櫧(y谩ng)鎬�

銆€銆€HIV鐐篽uman immunodeficiency virus 鐨勯瀛楁瘝绺銆�

銆€銆€3. ... and there are really very little data... for HIV-infected women...: 鏈夐棞(gu膩n)浠€涔堟ǎ鐨勯伩瀛曠墿鍝侀仼鍚堜簬鎰熸煋浜嗕汉椤炲厤鐤己闄风梾姣掑│濂筹紝璩囨枡鐪熺殑寰堝皯鈥︹€︽湰鍙ヤ腑what寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勫緸鍙ユ槸on鐨勮硴瑾�(y菙)寰炲彞銆�

銆€銆€4.North Carolina锛氬寳鍗＄緟渚�(l谩i)绱嶅窞

銆€銆€5.Nairobi, Kenya锛氳偗灏间簽鐨勫収(n猫i)缇呯暍

銆€銆€6. ...did find...锛氱殑纰虹櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗏€︹€id鍦ㄩ€欓噷鐢ㄥ仛寮�(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐨勫姪鍕�(d貌ng)瑭�銆備緥濡傦細Do be careful! 涓€瀹氳绱�(x矛)蹇�!He did accomplish the task in time.浠栫殑纰烘寜鏅�(sh铆)瀹屾垚浜嗕换鍕�(w霉)銆�

銆€銆€7. ... confirming current guidelines... not use IUDs. 鈥︹€﹂€欏氨閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ヨ瓑瀵�(sh铆)浜嗙従(xi脿n)琛屾寚鍗楃殑鎰忚锛屽嵆鎮ｆ湁鎬у偝鎾柧鐥呯殑濠﹀コ涓嶆噳(y墨ng)瑭蹭娇鐢ㄥ鍏�(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒銆傛湰鍙ヤ腑confirming鏄垎瑭烇紝浣滅祼(ji茅)鏋滅媭瑾�(y菙)銆俿uggesting涔熸槸鍒嗚锛屼綔current guidelines鐨勫畾瑾�(y菙)銆俿uggesting鍚庨潰that寮曞皫(d菐o)鐨勬槸璩撹獮(y菙)寰炲彞锛屽叾璎傝獮(y菙)浣跨敤浜嗚櫅鎿獮(y菙)姘ｏ紝绛変簬should not use銆�

銆€銆€8.the amount of virus the HIV-positive women were releasing from their cervix, or shedding锛氫汉椤炲厤鐤己闄风梾姣掑憟闄�(y谩ng)鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫│濂冲緸瀛愬闋告帓鍑虹殑鐥呮瘨(鍗宠劔钀界墿)鏁�(sh霉)閲�銆傛铏曞緸the HIV-positive women 鑷砪ompared with 4 months 鏄痶he amount of virus 鐨勫畾瑾�(y菙)寰炲彞锛岀渷鐣ヤ簡闂�(gu膩n)绯讳唬瑭瀟hat銆�

銆€銆€绶寸繏(x铆):

銆€銆€1.Paragraph 2 ______

銆€銆€2.Paragraph 3 ______

銆€銆€3.Paragraph 4 ______

銆€銆€4.Paragraph 6 ______

銆€銆€A Morrison鈥檚 Survey and Findings

銆€銆€B Comments on Current Guidelines

銆€銆€C The Relation of Sexually Transmitted Diseases to IUD Complications

銆€銆€D The Concrete Contents of Current Guidelines

銆€銆€E A Conclusion of Morrison鈥檚 Study

銆€銆€F The Relationship Between Cervical HIV Shedding and Using IUDs

銆€銆€5.According to current guidelines, women should not use IUDs ______.

銆€銆€6.Current guidelines barely recommend ______.

銆€銆€7.From both current guidelines and the new study we may conclude ______.

銆€銆€8. The new study maintains that the IUD is a safe contraceptive method for HIV-infected women ______.

銆€銆€A what contraceptive is good for HIV-infected women

銆€銆€B if they go to see the doctor at regular intervals

銆€銆€C what a relationship between increased cervical HIV shedding and the use of oral contraceptives

銆€銆€D that sexually transmitted diseases may increase the risk of IUD complications

銆€銆€E if they are HIV carriers

銆€銆€F that taking oral contraceptives is much safer than using IUDs for HIV-infected women

銆€銆€绛旀鑸囬瑙ｏ細

銆€銆€1.B绗簩娈典富瑕佹槸Morrison灏�(du矛)涓栫晫琛�(w猫i)鐢熺祫绻斿埗瀹氱殑鈥滄寚鍗椻€濆仛鍑鸿⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)锛屾寚鍑衡€滄寚鍗椻€濅富瑕佹槸鏍规摎(j霉)鐞嗚珫鍒跺畾鐨勶紝鑰屽緢灏戞湁闂�(gu膩n)浜庝粈涔堥伩瀛曟柟娉曢仼鍚堟劅鏌揌IV濠﹀コ鐨勮硣鏂�銆�

銆€銆€2.A绗笁娈佃瑳鐨勬槸Morrison绛変汉灏�(du矛)636鍚嶈浜咺UD鐨勮偗灏间簽濠﹀コ閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑瑾�(di脿o)鏌�锛屼粬鍊戞悳闆嗗埌鐨勮硣鏂欒瓑鏄庝簡IUD鎵€寮曡捣鐨勫壇浣滅敤锛屾劅鏌揌IV鐨勫│濂宠垏娌掓湁鎰熸煋HIV鐨勫│濂虫矑鏈変粈涔堝樊鍒�銆�

銆€銆€3.C绗洓娈佃(shu艒)鐮旂┒浜哄摗鐨勭⒑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗘偅鎬у偝鎾柧鐥呯殑濠﹀コ锛屽叾鎮UD骞剁櫦(f膩)鐧ョ殑鍗遍毆(xi菐n)鎬у鍔狅紝瑾�(shu艒)鏄庝簡浜岃€呬箣闁撶殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�

銆€銆€4.E鏈€鍚庝竴娈垫槸Morrison鐨勭爺绌剁祼(ji茅)璜�锛屽嵆鏈夊闋告劅鏌撶殑濠﹀コ瑕侀伩鍏嶄娇鐢↖UD锛屽洜?y脿n)姒榣(f膩)鐢熷苟鐧�(f膩)鐧ョ殑鍗遍毆(xi菐n)鎬у鍔�锛岃€屾劅鏌揌IV鐨勫│濂冲苟闈炲姝�銆�

銆€銆€5.E鏈绛旀鍦ㄧ浜屾绗竴鍙�銆傝┎鍙ヨ(shu艒)鍒版劅鏌揌IV鐨勫│濂虫噳(y墨ng)瑭查伩鍏嶄娇鐢↖UD銆�

銆€銆€6.A绗簩娈电浜屽彞瑾�(shu艒)鍒扳€滄寚鍗椻€濅腑娌掓湁浠€涔堣硣鏂欐秹鍙婁粈涔堟ǎ鐨勯伩瀛曟柟娉曢仼鍚堟劅鏌揌IV鐨勫│濂�锛屾晠鍩烘湰涓婃矑鏈変粙绱�銆�

銆€銆€7.D鏈绛旀渚�(l谩i)鑷鍥涙锛屽湪confirming涔嬪墠宸茶偗瀹氫簡鍗遍毆(xi菐n)鎬у鍔�锛岃€宑onfirming涔嬪悗璀夋槑浜嗙従(xi脿n)鏈夆€滄寚鍗椻€濈殑鎰忚鏄皪(du矛)鐨勶紝鏁呭緸鐝�(xi脿n)鏈夆€滄寚鍗椻€濆拰鏈€鏂扮爺绌跺彲浠ュ緱鍑虹浉鍚岀祼(ji茅)璜�銆�

銆€銆€8.B鏂囩珷绗竴娈典互鍙婄涓夋涓枔鈥渟uggesting...for HIV-infected women鈥濋兘琛ㄩ仈(d谩)浜嗘湰椤岀殑鎰忔€�銆�

銆€銆€璀枃锛欻IV鍛堥櫧(y谩ng)鎬у│濂崇殑瀹収(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒鐨勫畨鍏ㄦ€�

銆€銆€鏂扮殑鐮旂┒绲�(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄庯紝鎰熸煋浜咹IV鏈€甯歌褰㈠紡鐨勫コ鎬у鏋滆兘澶犵稉(j墨ng)甯稿幓鐪嬮啱(y墨)鐢�锛屽彲浠ラ噰鐢ㄥ鍏�(n猫i)宸ュ叿(瀹収(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒)瀹夊叏閬垮瓡銆�

銆€銆€涓栫晫琛�(w猫i)鐢熺祫绻旂従(xi脿n)琛岀殑 鎸囧崡瑕�(gu墨)瀹氾紝鎰熸煋HIV鐨勫コ鎬ф噳(y墨ng)閬垮厤浣跨敤瀹収(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒?锛佹境鍒団敳鏀圭幇楗曨€╂瓑槎�?j霉)鐞嗚珫鍒惰▊鐨勶紝鑰屽緢灏戞湁闂�(gu膩n)浜庝粈涔堥伩瀛曟柟娉曢仼鍚堟劅鏌揌IV濠﹀コ鐨勮硣鏂�銆傗€濅富瑕佽憲鍖楀崱缇呬締(l谩i)绱嶅窞Charles S. Morrison閫欐ǎ瑾�(shu艒)閬�銆�

銆€銆€Morrison鍜屽悓浜嬪€戝皪(du矛)瑁濅簡瀹収(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒1鍊�(g猫)鏈�銆�4鍊�(g猫)鏈堝拰2骞寸殑636鍚嶈偗灏间簽鍏�(n猫i)缇呯暍甯傜殑濠﹀コ閫�(j矛n)琛岃(di脿o)鏌ワ紝鎼滈泦鐩搁棞(gu膩n)骞剁櫦(f膩)鐧ョ殑淇℃伅銆傞€欎簺濠﹀コ鐣�(d膩ng)涓湁156鍚嶆劅鏌揌IV锛屽弮鑸囩殑閱�(y墨)鐢熶笉鐭ラ亾鏈夌梾浜烘劅鏌揌IV?锛侀湼璋掝媰類脯姣嶅紛楗旀鐭Λ顑撹叆缍V鐨勫│濂宠垏鏈劅鏌揌IV鐨勫│濂崇浉姣斿咕涔庢矑鏈変粈涔堝樊鍒�锛岄€欒〃鏄庝娇鐢ㄥ鍏�(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒鍙兘鏄│濂�(瀵�(sh铆)琛屽畨鍏ㄩ伩瀛�)鐨勪竴绋彲琛岀殑閫斿緫銆傗€濊帿閲屾．瑾�(shu艒)閬�銆備粬瑁�(b菙)鍏呰(shu艒)锛屸€滈€欐槸涓€鍊�(g猫)妤电偤閲嶈鐨勫晱椤�锛屽師鍥犳槸锛岀暥(d膩ng)浠婃湁1600钀�(w脿n)濠﹀コ鎰熸煋HIV锛屽ス鍊戝ぇ閮芥€ラ渶閬垮瓡鏂规硶?锛�?/P>

銆€銆€鐮旂┒浜哄摗鐨勭⒑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屾湁娣嬬梾鎴栬。鍘熼珨鎰熸煋鐨勫│濂冲湪瑾�(di脿o)鏌ヤ竴闁嬪灏辨湁鏇村ぇ鐨勫嵄闅�(xi菐n)鎬�锛屾槗浜庡紩鐧�(f膩)瀹収(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒鐨勫苟鐧�(f膩)鐧ワ紝閫欏氨閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ヨ瓑瀵�(sh铆)浜嗙従(xi脿n)琛屾寚鍗楃殑鎰忚锛屽嵆鎮ｆ湁鎬у偝鎾柧鐥呯殑濠﹀コ涓嶆噳(y墨ng)瑭蹭娇鐢ㄥ鍏�(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒銆�

銆€銆€鐮旂┒浜哄摗鍦ㄣ€婂ぇ涓嶅垪椤涘│鐢�(ch菐n)绉戦洔蹇椼€�8鏈堟湡鍒婁腑鍫�(b脿o)閬�銆傛澶�锛岃(di脿o)鏌ラ枊濮嬮殠娈佃垏瑁濆叆瀹収(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒4鍊�(g猫)鏈堝悗鐩告瘮锛屼汉椤炲厤鐤己闄风梾姣掑憟闄�(y谩ng)鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫│濂冲緸瀛愬闋告帓鍑虹殑鐥呮瘨(鍗宠劔钀界墿)鐨勬暩(sh霉)閲忓墠鍚庢矑鏈夊樊鍒�銆備竴浜涚爺绌跺緸鍙嶉潰琛ㄦ槑锛屽闋歌劔钀界墿澧炲姞鑸囦娇鐢ㄥ彛鏈嶉伩瀛曡棩瀛樺湪闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�

銆€銆€鈥滈€欏€�(g猫)鐮旂┒鎵€瑕佽(shu艒)鏄庣殑灏辨槸锛岄伩鍏嶄娇鐢ㄥ鍏�(n猫i)绡€(ji茅)鑲插櫒鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬鎮ｆ湁瀹牳鎰熸煋鐨勫│濂�锛屼笉鏄劅鏌揌IV鐨勫│濂�锛屸€濊帿閲屾．瑾�(shu艒)閬�锛屸€滃闋告劅鏌撶殑濠﹀コ鎮ｅ苟鐧�(f膩)鐧ョ殑鍗遍毆(xi菐n)澶�锛岃€屾劅鏌揌IV鐨勫│濂冲墖骞堕潪濡傛?锛�?/P>

    鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍″弸鎯呮彁绀猴細濡傛灉鎮ㄥ湪姝ら亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑閬囧埌浠讳綍鐤戝晱锛岃珛(q菒ng)鐧婚寗鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍�鑱风ū鑻辫獮(y菙)闋婚亾鍙�璜栧锛岄毃鏅�(sh铆)鑸囧唬澶ц€冪敓鏈嬪弸鍊戜竴璧蜂氦娴�!

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