銆€銆€榛�(di菐n)鎿婇€�(j矛n)鍏ワ細2014骞磋伔绋辫嫳瑾�(鐞嗗伐椤�)鏁欐潗闁辫畝鐞嗚В鏂囩珷鍖附銆€

銆€When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach

銆€銆€Our senses aren鈥檛 just delivering a strict view of what鈥檚 going on in the world;they鈥檙e affected by what鈥檚 going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who鈥檝e just eaten.

銆€銆€Psychologists have known for decades that what鈥檚 going on, inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis锛孎(xi脿n)rance锛寃anted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain鈥檚 high-level thinking processes get involved.

銆€銆€Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.

銆€銆€For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word锛宔ach person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they鈥檇 seen 鈥� a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.

銆€銆€Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, Radel says.

銆€銆€鈥淭his is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,鈥� Radel says.

銆€銆€瑭炲尟锛�

銆€銆€threshold n.璧烽粸(di菐n)锛岄枊绔�;闁€妾�

銆€銆€disposal n.铏曠悊,铏曠疆;閰嶇疆

銆€銆€neutral adj.涓€х殑;涓珛鐨�

銆€銆€motive n.鍕�(d貌ng)姗�(j墨)锛岀洰鐨�

銆€銆€strive v.鍔姏锛屽姏姹�;鏂楃埈

銆€銆€娉ㄩ噵锛�

銆€銆€1.Our senses aren鈥� t just delivering a strict view of ... in our heads:閫欏€�(g猫)鍙ュ瓙鐨勫ぇ姒傛剰鎬濇槸:鎴戝€戠殑浜斿畼鎰熻涓嶅儏鍍呰畵鎴戝€戞劅鐭ヤ笘鐣�;浜斿畼鎰熻閭勫彈澶ц叇娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勫奖闊�銆�

銆€銆€2.University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis:娉曞湅灏兼柉?绱㈣彶浜�?瀹夋彁娉㈠埄鏂ぇ瀛�(xu茅)锛岀啊绋卞凹鏂ぇ瀛�(xu茅)锛�1965骞寸稉(j墨ng)娉曞湅鏀夸护姝ｅ紡瀹ｅ竷鎴愮珛銆傚凹鏂ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍦ㄥ凹鏂競瑷�(sh猫)鏈�7铏曚富鏍″湌锛屽彟澶�锛岄倓鍦ㄧ储鑿蹭簽? 瀹夋彁娉㈠埄鏂競(Sophia Antipolis)銆佹垱绱嶅競(Cannes)鍜岃姃鏉卞競(Menton)瑷�(sh猫)鏈夋牎鍗€(q奴)銆傜储鑿蹭簽? 瀹夋彁娉㈠埄鏂槸浣嶄簬灏兼柉甯傝タ鍗楀伌(c猫)鐨勭鎶€鍦掑崁(q奴)锛屾槸瑷卞绡肩瓑瀛�(xu茅)搴滅殑鎵€鍦ㄥ湴銆�

銆€銆€3.body mass index:韬珨璩�(zh矛)閲忔寚鏁�(sh霉)

銆€銆€4.at the threshold of:鐣�(d膩ng)鈥︹€﹀揩瑕侀枊濮嬫檪(sh铆)

銆€銆€5.in perception锛氭劅鐭�

銆€銆€6.at the disposal of:鍙楀埌鈥︹€︾殑鎺у埗

銆€銆€绶寸繏(x铆)锛�

銆€銆€1.What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?

銆€銆€A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people.

銆€銆€B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words.

銆€銆€C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.

銆€銆€D Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process.

銆€銆€2.Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?

銆€銆€A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach.

銆€銆€B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry.

銆€銆€C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment.

銆€銆€D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index.

銆€銆€3.What does the writer want to tell us?

銆€銆€A Human's senses aren鈥檛 just delivering a strict view of what鈥檚 going on in the world.

銆€銆€B What's perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking.

銆€銆€C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.

銆€銆€D Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses.

銆€銆€4.What did the results of the experiment indicate?

銆€銆€A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.

銆€銆€B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words.

銆€銆€C People who had just eaten were better at identifying food-related words.

銆€銆€D The participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for.

銆€銆€5.What can we infer from the passage?

銆€銆€A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.

銆€銆€B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.

銆€銆€C Our thinking processes are independent of our senses.

銆€銆€D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes

銆€銆€绛旀鑸囬瑙ｏ細

銆€銆€1.C绗竴娈电浜屽彞鏄湰椤岀瓟妗堢殑渚濇摎(j霉)銆傞鑵歌絾杞嗙殑浜哄彧鏄湅food-related words姣旇純娓呮锛岄伕闋�(xi脿ng)C鐨勫彞鎰忚垏涓婅堪鍙ュ瓙鐨勬剰鎬濆畬鍏ㄤ竴鑷�锛屾槸绛旀銆傞伕闋�(xi脿ng)A瑾殑鏄痚very word, 鎵€浠ヤ笉鏄瓟妗�銆傞伕闋�(xi脿ng)B鍜孌鏂囩珷涓矑鏈夋彁鍒�銆�

銆€銆€2.B绛旀鐨勬牴鎿�(j霉)鍙湪绗笁娈垫壘鍒�銆俁adel鐐轰簡淇濊瓑42鍚嶅(xu茅)鐢熷埌閬�(d谩)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ゆ檪(sh铆)鏄┖鑵�锛屾墍浠ヨ姹備粬鍊戜腑鍗堝埌閬�(d谩)銆傜劧鍚庡憡瑷翠竴閮ㄥ垎瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏅�(sh铆)闁撴帹閬蹭簡锛岃珛(q菒ng)浠栧€�10鍒嗛悩鍚庡啀渚�銆備粬鍙堣珛(q菒ng)鍙﹀涓€閮ㄥ垎瀛�(xu茅)鐢熺敤鍗堥銆俁adel鐢ㄦ帹閬插(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐨勬柟娉曢€犲氨浜嗗叐绲勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鑰�锛屽嵆楗戦绲勮垏椋介绲�銆傞伕闋�(xi脿ng)B鏄瓟妗�銆�

銆€銆€3.C 闆栫劧A銆丅銆丏閬搁爡(xi脿ng)鍧囧彲鍦ㄦ枃涓壘鍒板皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)閮ㄥ垎锛屼絾鍙爆浜庣窗(x矛)绡€(ji茅)锛岃€岄潪涓绘棬锛屽洜姝や笉鑳介伕銆傛湰鏂囨渶鍚庝竴鍙ョ郸鍑轰簡鐩存帴鐨勭瓟妗�銆�

銆€銆€4.A绗洓娈电涓夎涓璫onsciously鑸嘇闋�(xi脿ng)涓殑intentionally鏄悓缇╄銆侭闋�(xi脿ng)neutral鎰忔€濈偤鈥滀腑鎬х殑鈥�锛屽湪鏈枃涓殑鎰忔€濇槸鑸噁ood-related鐩稿皪(du矛)鐨�锛屽嵆鈥滆垏椋熺墿涓嶇浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨勨€�锛屽洜姝ゆ槸閷�(cu貌)瑾ら伕鎿�; C 闋�(xi脿ng)涓嶇鍚堣鏂囧師鎰�; D闋�(xi脿ng)barely鎰忕偤鈥滃儏鍍�锛屽媺寮�(qi谩ng)锛屽咕涔庢矑鏈夆€�锛屽洜姝や篃涓嶇鍚堝彞鎰忋€�

銆€銆€5.D閬搁爡(xi脿ng)A鎵€瑾殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)妯ｆ湰鐨勫ぇ灏忚垏鏈涓绘棬鐒￠棞(gu膩n)锛屼笉鏄瓟妗�锛岃€屾槸骞叉摼闋�(xi脿ng);B銆丆鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛篃涓嶈兘鐩存帴寰炵煭鏂囦腑鎺ㄦ柗鍑轰締銆傞伕闋�(xi脿ng)D鏄瓟妗�銆傛渶鍚庝竴娈电浜屽彞鐨勨€淗umans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for鈥� 鐐洪伕鎿嘍 闋�(xi脿ng)鎻愪緵浜嗕緷鎿�(j霉)銆�

銆€銆€璀枃锛氭垜鍊戠殑瑕栬鏈嶅嫏(w霉)浜庢垜鍊戠殑鑳冨彛

銆€銆€鎴戝€戠殑浜斿畼涓嶅儏鍍呰畵鎴戝€戞劅鐭ヤ笘鐣�;閭勫彈澶ц叇娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勫奖闊�銆備竴闋�(xi脿ng)鏂扮爺绌剁櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛氭瘮璧烽偅浜涘墰鍓涚敤閬庨鐨勪汉锛岄椁撶殑浜鸿兘鏇存竻鏅板湴鐪嬪埌鑸囬鍝佹湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勮銆�

銆€銆€鏁�(sh霉)鍗佸勾浠ヤ締锛屽績鐞嗗(xu茅)瀹跺凡缍�(j墨ng)鐭ラ亾鎴戝€戠殑蹇冪悊娲诲嫊(d貌ng)鐩存帴褰遍熆鍒版垜鍊戠殑瑕栬銆備緥濡�锛岃钵绐殑瀛╁瓙鐪嬪埌鐨勭‖骞ｆ瘮瀵�(sh铆)闅涚殑瑕佸ぇ;楗戦鐨勪汉鐪嬪埌鐨勯鐗╁湒鐗囨洿鏄庝寒銆傛硶鍦嬬殑灏兼柉?绱㈣彶浜�?瀹夋彁娉㈠埄鏂ぇ瀛�(xu茅)瑭﹀湒瑾�(di脿o)鏌ラ€欎竴鐝�(xi脿n)璞★細鐧�(f膩)鐢熼€欑ó鎯呮硜鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撴槸鍦ㄥぇ鑵﹀緸鐪肩潧鎺ユ敹鍒拌瑕轰俊铏�(h脿o)鐨勫嵆鏅�(sh铆)閭勬槸绋嶅悗浜�锛岄€欐檪(sh铆)楂樼礆(j铆)鎬濈董娲诲嫊(d貌ng)宸茬稉(j墨ng)浠嬪叆浜嗐€�

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