銆€銆€Traffic Jams鈥昇o End in Sight

銆€銆€1 Traffic congestion(鎿佸牭)affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters (閫氬嫟浜哄摗) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.

銆€銆€2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.

銆€銆€3 Another way to reduce rush鈥昲our traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

銆€銆€4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.

銆€銆€5 Other, more forward鈥晅hinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some$7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.

銆€銆€23. Paragraph 1________

銆€銆€24. Paragraph 2________

銆€銆€25. Paragraph 3________

銆€銆€26. Paragraph 4________

銆€銆€A Paying to get in

銆€銆€B A solution which is no solution

銆€銆€C Changing work practice

銆€銆€D Closing city centres to traffic

銆€銆€E Not doing enough

銆€銆€F A global problem

銆€銆€27. Most American drivers think it convenient to______.

銆€銆€28. If charged high enough, some drivers may______ to enter certain parts of town.

銆€銆€29. Building more roads is not an effective way to______.

銆€銆€30. The U. S. government has planned to ______ updating public-transport systems.

銆€銆€A reduce traffic jams

銆€銆€B spend more money

銆€銆€C drive around

銆€銆€D travel regularly

銆€銆€E go by bus

銆€銆€F encourage more private cars

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銆€銆€23 F 绗竴娈佃瑳杩扮殑鏄氦閫氭搧鍫垫槸鍏ㄤ笘鐣岀殑涓€澶у晱椤�銆�

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銆€銆€27 C 绗竴娈垫渶鍚庝竴鍙ワ細While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.鐢辨鍙煡浜哄€戣獚(r猫n)鐐洪枊杌婃瘮杓冩柟渚裤€�

銆€銆€28 E 绗簩娈电浜屽彞锛欼n theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train?鐢辨鍙煡绛旀鐐篍銆�

銆€銆€29 A 绗洓娈电浜屽彞锛欱ut such techniques do not really keep cars off the road..锛岀敱姝ゅ彲鐭ュ缓閫犺稌澶氬叕璺苟涓嶈兘娓涘皯浜ら€氬牭濉炪€�

銆€銆€30 B 绗簲娈电浜屽彞锛欶or this reason, the American government has decided to spend some$ 7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies.缇庡湅鏀垮簻姹哄畾澧炲姞鎶曚汉鍗囩礆(j铆)鍏叡浜ら€氱郴绲�(t菕ng)銆傜敱姝ゅ彲鐭ョ瓟妗堢偤B銆�