2015年職稱英語考試知識(shí)解析：否定和倒裝

    考試動(dòng)態(tài)：報(bào)考條件|成績(jī)查詢|合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)|證書領(lǐng)取

    課程推薦：2015環(huán)球職稱英語簽約保過套餐

　　2015年職稱英語考試知識(shí)解析：否定和倒裝

　　在英語閱讀中我們有時(shí)會(huì)遇到一些特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)，比如：

　　1.Young as he was, he faced(面對(duì)) the difficult situation(情況) calmly(平靜地).

　　Although he was young, he faced the difficult situation calmly.

　　2.Very seldom will you find that two clocks or watches exactly(正好， 精確地) agree(一致).

　　You will seldom find that two clocks or watches exactly agree.

　　3. He failed to pass the examination in the end(最終).

　　4. We can't be too careful in driving.

　　(from Will we take vacations in space? 2004年版A級(jí))

　　After all, you can’t be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy (星系)far, far away. /我們?yōu)槿ネb遠(yuǎn)的星系的旅行作的準(zhǔn)備越充分越好

　　l 倒裝(inversion)

　　英語中,通常是主語在謂語動(dòng)詞的前面, 是“主語+謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)，這叫陳述語序，也稱為正常語序,(normal order), 如果將謂語的全部或一部分放在主語之前, 就稱為倒裝語序(inverted order)。有的倒裝語序把整個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語之前, 稱為完全倒裝，有的只是謂語動(dòng)詞的一部分(通常是助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,系動(dòng)詞be或謂語的一部分)放在主語之前, 稱為部分倒裝.例如:

　　正常語序 Her student stood by her side.

　　倒裝語序 By her side stood her student.

　　正常語序 We have rarely found him in such a good mood.

　　倒裝語序 Rarely have we found him in such a good mood.

　　一、全部倒裝

　　1.There be句型是一種全部倒裝句，如：

　　There are over a hundred elements (元素)in the world.

　　有時(shí)為了生動(dòng)地描寫事物，其它一些表示存在意義的不及物動(dòng)詞也可用于此句型。這些動(dòng)詞有：exist, stand, live, remain, appear, come, happen, occur, rise等, 如：

　　There stands (站立)a monument(紀(jì)念碑) at the center of (在...的中心)the square.廣場(chǎng)中心立著一塊紀(jì)念碑。

　　There exist (存在)different opinions (意見)on this question.在這個(gè)問題上存在不同意見。

　　2.以here, there, now, then, thus等引導(dǎo)的句子，習(xí)慣上主謂語全部倒裝，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常是不帶助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的不及物動(dòng)詞。例：

　　Here is a ticket for you. 這里有你一張票。

　　comp: A ticket is here for you.

　　Now comes your turn(機(jī)會(huì)).現(xiàn)在該論到你了。

　　Comp: Your turn comes now.

　　Thus ended the lecture(演講).這樣演講便結(jié)束了。

　　The lecture thus ended.

　　3.表示方向、地點(diǎn)的狀語置于句首，而謂語又是表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞或表示存在的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子的主、謂語通常全部倒裝。

　　Down came the bird.

　　Comp: The bird came down.

　　On a hill in front of them stood a great castle(城堡).在他們面前的山上，聳立著一座巨大的城堡。

　　Comp: A great castle stood on a hill in front of them.

　　Away went a car like a flash(閃電).

　　Comp: A car went away like a flash.

　　這種表示方向、地點(diǎn)的詞或詞組有：up, down, away, in, out, off等。

　　注意：主語是人稱代詞時(shí)一般不能倒裝。如：

　　Away they went.它來了。他們走了。

　　4.有時(shí)表語前置或分詞前置也構(gòu)成全部倒裝。例：

　　Happy indeed(確實(shí)) are the young people of today.今天的年輕人實(shí)在幸福。

　　二、部分倒裝

　　1.否定詞或具有(半)否定意義的詞語置于句首作為句首狀語時(shí)，一般必須采用部分倒裝語序。

　　具有否定或半否定意義的詞和詞組有：no, never, seldom, little, few, rarely, hardly, never before, nowhere, no longer, no more, not until, not only, at no time(決不), in no way(決不), in/under no circumstances(決不), in no case(決不), on no account(決不), hardly…when, scarcely…when/before, no sooner……than, not only…but(also)等。如：

　　Never before have I seen such a wonderful(奇妙的) park.我從來未看見過這樣美麗的公園。

　　Comp: I have never seen such a wonderful park before.

　　No sooner had I gone out than it rained.我剛出去，就下雨了。

　　Comp: I had no sooner (一但...立即)gone out than it rained.

　　Seldom have I met him recently(最近). 最近我很少遇見他。

　　Comp: I have seldom met him recently.

　　Under no circumstances will we be the first to use nuclear weapons(核武器).無論在什么情況下我們都不會(huì)首先使用核武器。

　　Comp: We will not be the first to use weapons under any circumstances.

　　Not only did he refuse(拒絕) the gift, he also severely(嚴(yán)厲地) criticized (批評(píng))the young sender.他不僅拒絕收禮，而且嚴(yán)厲地批評(píng)了年輕的送禮者。