2019年翻譯資格考試英語筆譯初級模擬題：政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟

英譯漢

Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.Under modem conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, of in they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example.in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization---with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed--was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.

參考譯文

世界各國政府都認為，人民的幸福主要依賴于社會的經(jīng)濟實力和財富。在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要程度不同的中央控制，從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟學和運籌學等領(lǐng)域老師的協(xié)助。再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經(jīng)濟實力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。這就意味著，各國政府得越來越多地干預(yù)這些部門以便提高產(chǎn)量并確保產(chǎn)品會得到最好的利用。例如，政府可以用各種方法來鼓勵研究，其中包括建立自己的研究中心;政府可以改革教育結(jié)構(gòu)，或以政府干預(yù)來減少自然資源的消費量、開發(fā)迄今未被利用的資源;或者政府可以在日益增加的與科學、經(jīng)濟學和工業(yè)有關(guān)的項目中直接進行協(xié)作。無論如何，所有這些政府干預(yù)主要有賴于科學方面的咨詢和各種類型的科技人才。

大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。而同時，全世界的正常的社會變革速度與過去相比大大加快了。在先期實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中，其工業(yè)化進程以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一世紀之久，而如今一個發(fā)展中國家在10年左右就可能完成這個過程。由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動(現(xiàn)代交通工具使這種流動相對容易)造成的種種問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。由于這些因素的結(jié)果，政府正越來越多地依靠生物學家和社會科學家來安排適當?shù)囊?guī)劃，并付諸實施。

詞義推敲：

under modern conditions 在現(xiàn)代條件下

requires 需要

varying measures (程度)不同的措施

centralized control 中央控制，中央調(diào)控

and hence 因而，從而

specialized scientists 專門科學家，老師

operational research experts 運營研究老師，運籌學家

Furthermore 再者，另外，此外，而且

It is obvious that (固定譯法)顯而易見的是

the strength of a country's economy 一個國家的經(jīng)濟實力

is directly bound up with 與……直接(密切)相關(guān)

bound 原形為bind, 綁, 鑲邊, 裝訂, 凝固, 約束

the efficiency of its agriculture and industry 工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率

this指代前面的賓語中心詞efficiency。

in turn 反過來

rests upon 有賴于，取決于

scientists and technologists of all kinds 各種各樣的科技人員

owing to 因為，由于

remarkable development 顯著發(fā)展

mass-communications 大眾通訊，大眾媒體

people everywhere 所有的人，各地的人

new wants 新的需求

being exposed to 接觸到，感受到，我們最好不要說“被暴露于”

customs and ideas 習俗和思想

while：表轉(zhuǎn)折、對比，譯作“因而”。

be forced to 不得不

introduce 推出，采取，施行

for the reasons given above 由于上述原因，基于以上原因

industrialized countries (實現(xiàn))工業(yè)化國家

the process of industrialization 工業(yè)化進程，工業(yè)化過程

with ...that followed 隨……而來的，以及

that followed：修飾“changes”而不是“social patterns”。譯作“隨后發(fā)生的”。

far-reaching changes 深刻的變革，影響深遠的變化

social patterns 社會結(jié)構(gòu)

spread over 持續(xù)，延續(xù)

nearly a century 大約(將近、幾乎)一個世紀

whereas：然而，但是。

a developing nation 一個發(fā)展中國家

undergo 經(jīng)歷

in a decade or so 在10年左右的時間

additional social stresses 新的/額外的社會壓力

stress：壓力

occur：to take place; come about 發(fā)生;使發(fā)生

population explosion 人口猛增，人口爆炸

arising from 由……引起，產(chǎn)生于，來自于

mass migration movements 大量人口流動

migration 流動，遷移

migration movements 人口流動

themselves：指代“mass migration movements”(人口流動本身)

modern means of transport 現(xiàn)代交通工具