2019骞磋伔绋辫▓绠楁鑰冭│銆奍nternet鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€嬭€冮粸缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)楂旂郴绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)楂旂郴绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)楂旂郴绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏈€甯哥敤鐨勫垎鐐哄叐绋細OSI涓冨堡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜孴CP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ InternetProtocol锛屽偝杓告帶鍒跺崝(xi茅)璀�/缍�(w菐ng)闅涘崝(xi茅)璀�)鍥涘堡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

TCP/IP鍗�(xi茅)璀版槸Internet鐨勬牳蹇冨崝(xi茅)璀�锛屽畾缇╀簡闆诲瓙瑷�(sh猫)鍌欏浣曟帴鍏ュ洜鐗圭恫(w菐ng)(IP)锛屼互鍙婃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍦ㄥ畠鍊戜箣闁撶殑鍌宠几妯欐簴(TCP)銆�

1.ISO/OSI鍙冭€冩ā鍨�

瑙ｉ噵锛�

 ISO(InternationalStandard Organization,鍦嬮殯妯欐簴鍖栫祫绻�)

 OSI/RM(Open SystemInterconnection Reference Model,闁嬫斁绯荤当(t菕ng)浜掕伅(li谩n)鍙冭€冩ā鍨�)

 闁嬫斁锛氶€欏€嬭琛ㄧず鑳戒娇浠讳綍鍏╁€嬮伒瀹堝弮鑰冩ā鍨嬪拰鏈夐棞(gu膩n)妯欐簴鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鍙互閫茶浜掕伅(li谩n)銆�

OSI/RM鍩烘湰鍙冭€冩ā鍨�

闁嬫斁绯荤当(t菕ng)浜掕伅(li谩n)(OpenSystem Interconnection)鍩烘湰鍙冭€冩ā鍨嬫槸鐢卞湅闅涙婧栧寲绲勭箶(ISO锛孖nternational Standard Organizition)鍒跺畾鐨勬婧栧寲闁嬫斁寮忚▓绠楁缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞ゆ绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)妯″瀷锛屽張绋盜SO/OSI鍙冭€冩ā鍨�銆�“闁嬫斁”閫欏€嬭琛ㄧず鑳戒娇浠讳綍鍏╁€嬮伒瀹堝弮鑰冩ā鍨嬪拰鏈夐棞(gu膩n)妯欐簴鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鍙互閫茶浜掕伅(li谩n)銆�

OSI/RM鍖呮嫭浜嗛珨绯荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹湇鍕�(w霉)瀹氱京鍜屽崝(xi茅)璀拌(gu墨)鑼冧笁绱氭娊璞�銆�

OSI鐨勯珨绯荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瀹氱京浜嗕竴鍊嬩竷灞ゆā鍨�锛岀敤浠ラ€茶閫茬▼闁撶殑閫氫俊锛屽苟浣滅偤涓€鍊嬫鏋朵締鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)鍚勫堡妯欐簴鐨勫埗瀹氥€�

OSI鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)瀹氱京鎻忚堪浜嗗悇灞ゆ墍鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)锛屼互鍙婂堡鑸囧堡涔嬮枔鐨勬娊璞℃帴鍙ｅ拰浜や簰鐢ㄧ殑鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍘熻獮銆�

OSI鍚勫堡鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀拌(gu墨)鑼�锛岀簿纰哄湴瀹氱京浜嗘噳(y墨ng)鐣剁櫦(f膩)閫佷綍绋帶鍒朵俊鎭強浣曠ó閬庣▼渚嗚В閲嬭┎鎺у埗淇℃伅銆�

OSI/RM鐨勪竷灞ゅ弮鑰冩ā鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍖呮嫭锛氬緸涓嬭嚦涓婂垎鍒ョ偤鐗╃悊灞�(Physical Layer, PH)銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閺堣矾灞�(Data Link Layer,DL)銆佺恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞�(Network Layer, N)銆佸偝杓稿堡(TransportLayer, T)銆佹渻瑭卞堡(Session Layer, S)銆佽〃绀哄堡(Presentation Layer, P)鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ堡(ApplicationLayer, A)銆�

鍦�1-28

2.Internet灞ゆ妯″瀷

Internet缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)浠CP/IP鍗�(xi茅)璀板堡娆℃ā鍨嬬偤鏍稿績锛屽叡鍒嗗洓灞ょ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氭噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ堡銆佸偝杓稿堡銆佺恫(w菐ng)闅涘堡鍜岀恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎺ュ彛灞�銆�

鍦�1-29 TCP/IP鐨勯珨绯荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸嘔SO鐨� OSI涓冨堡鍙冭€冩ā鍨嬬殑灏嶆噳(y墨ng)闂�(gu膩n)绯�

TCP/IP鏄疘nternet鐨勬牳蹇�锛屽埄鐢� TCP/IP鍗�(xi茅)璀板彲浠ユ柟渚垮湴瀵︾従(xi脿n)鍚勭ó缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勫钩婊�銆佺劇绺€ｆ帴銆�

鍦═CP/IP鍥涘堡妯″瀷涓紝浣滅偤鏈€楂樺堡鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ堡鐩哥暥浜嶰SI鐨�5~7灞�锛岃┎灞や腑鍖呮嫭浜嗘墍鏈夌殑楂樺堡鍗�(xi茅)璀帮紝濡傚父瑕嬬殑鏂囦欢鍌宠几鍗�(xi茅)璀癋TP (File Transfer Protocol,鏂囦欢鍌宠几鍗�(xi茅)璀�)銆侀浕瀛愰兊浠禨MTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol,绨″柈閮典欢鍌抽€佸崝(xi茅)璀�)銆佸煙鍚嶇郴绲�(t菕ng)DNS (Domain Name Service,鍩熷悕鏈嶅嫏(w霉))銆佺恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绠＄悊鍗�(xi茅)璀癝NMP銆佽í鍟廤WW鐨勮秴鏂囨湰鍌宠几鍗�(xi茅)璀癏TTP銆侀仩绋嬬祩绔í鍟忓崝(xi茅)璀癟ELNET绛�銆�

TCP/IP鐨勬楂樺堡鐐哄偝杓稿堡锛岀浉鐣朵簬OSI鐨勫偝杓稿堡锛岃┎灞よ矤璨湪婧愪富姗熷拰鐩殑涓绘涔嬮枔鎻愪緵绔埌绔殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆傞€欎竴灞や笂涓昏瀹氱京浜嗗叐鍊嬪崝(xi茅)璀帮細闈㈠悜閫ｆ帴鐨勫偝杓告帶鍒跺崝(xi茅)璀癟CP鍜岀劇閫ｆ帴鐨勭敤鎴舵暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍫卞崝(xi茅)璀癠DP (User Datagram Protocol)銆�

TCP/IP鐨勭浜屽堡鐩哥暥浜嶰SI鐨勭恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞�锛岃┎灞よ矤璨皣鍫辨枃(鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍖�)鐛ㄧ珛鍦板緸淇℃簮鍌抽€佸埌淇″锛屼富瑕佽В姹鸿矾鐢遍伕鎿�銆侀樆濉炴帶鍒剁礆缍�(w菐ng)闅涗簰鑱�(li谩n)鍟忛銆傞€欎竴灞や笂瀹氱京浜嗙恫(w菐ng)闅涘崝(xi茅)璀�(Internet Protocol, IP鍗�(xi茅)璀�)銆佸湴鍧€杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涘崝(xi茅)璀癆RP (Address ResolutionProtocol)銆佸弽鍚戝湴鍧€杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涘崝(xi茅)璀癛ARP (Reverse ARP)鍜岀恫(w菐ng)闅涙帶鍒跺牨鏂囧崝(xi茅)璀癐CMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)绛夊崝(xi茅)璀�銆�

TCP/IP鐨勬渶浣庡堡鐐虹恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎺ュ彛灞�锛岃┎灞よ矤璨皣IP鍒嗙祫灏佽鎴愰仼鍚堝湪鐗╃悊缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)涓婂偝杓�?sh霉)鑶割儞琚疯顫玪(f膩)閫佸嚭鍘�锛屾垨?q奴)顣村閿㈢牠W(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎺ユ敹鍒扮殑骞€鍗歌骞堕仦浜ょ郸楂樺堡銆傞€欎竴灞よ垏鐗╃悊缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勫叿楂斿鐝�(xi脿n)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛岃嚜韬苟鐒″皥鐢ㄧ殑鍗�(xi茅)璀般€備簨瀵︿笂锛屼换浣曡兘鍌宠几IP鍫辨枃鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀伴兘鍙互閬嬭銆傞洊鐒惰┎灞や竴鑸笉闇€瑕佸皥闁€鐨凾CP/IP鍗�(xi茅)璀帮紝鍚勭墿鐞嗙恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍙娇鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閺堣矾灞ゅ崝(xi茅)璀板拰鐗╃悊灞ゅ崝(xi茅)璀�銆�