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The things people make锛宎nd the way they makethem锛� determine how cities grow and decline锛宎nd influence how empires rise and fal.So锛宎nydisruption to the world's factories matters.

And that disruption is surely coming.Factoriesare being digitised锛宖illed with new sensors andnew computers to make them quicker锛� moreflexible锛� and more efficient.

Robots are breaking free from the cages that sur-round them锛� learning new skills锛� and new waysof working.And 3D printers have long promiseda world where you can make anything锛� any-where锛� from a computerised design.That visionis moving closer to reality.These forces will eadto cleaner factories锛� producing better goods atlower prices锛� personalised to our individualneeds and desires.Humans will be spared manyof the dirty锛� repetitive锛� and dangerous jobs thathave long been a feature of factory life.

Greater efficiency inevitably means fewer peoplecan do the same work.Yet factory bosses in many devel aped countries are worried about alack of ski led human workers-and see automa-tion and robots as a solution.

But economist Helena Leu rent says this period ofrapid change in manufacturing is a fantastic op-portunity to make the world a better

place.“Manufacturing is the one system whereyou have got the biggest source of innovation锛宼he biggest source of economic growth锛� and thebiggest source of great jobs in the past.“Youcan see it changing.That'san opportunity toshape that system differently锛� and if we can锛� itwil have enormous sign fi cance.

26.K) matters

27.G) flexible

28.M) promised

29.L) moving

30.0) spared

31.F) feature

32.H) inevitably

33.A) automation

34.D) fantastic

35.N) shape

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36.[E] That comment 锛宻ay sMothering Justice director Dan-i elle Atkinson 锛�"wasmeanttoshame" po

37.[H] But the fact that 4in10Americanscan't come upwith$400inan emergency is a commonly cited statistic forgood reason 锛� economic instability str er ches across race锛実en-der锛宎ndgeography.

38.[M] According to the General Social Survey 锛� 71 percent ofrespondents believe the country is spending too Little on"assistancetothepoor."

39.[J] The FrameWorks Institute 锛宎researchgroupthatfo-c uses on public framing of issues 锛� has studied what sustainsstereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United King-dom

40.[D] If these are the central characters of our story aboutpoverty 锛� what layers of perceptions 锛宮yths锛� and realities mustwe unearth to find meaningful solutions and support ?

41.[F] How many of us are poor in the U.S.?

42.[N] " Poverty has been interchangeable with people ofcolor-specificallyblackwomenand”blackmothers锛�"saysAtkinson of Mothering Justice .

43.[L] Negative images remain of whois living in poverty aswell as what is needed to moveoutofit.

44.[E] That comment 锛宻ay sMothering Justice director Dan-ielleAtkinson锛�"wasmeanttoshame”

45.[L] Those external factors include the difficulties accom-panyinglow-wage work or structural discrimination basedonrace锛実ender锛宱rability.

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P1

46.C They did not become popular until the emergenceof improved batteries .

47.BThefaling prices of e bike batteries .

48.DIt will profit from e bike sharing

49.A Retailers 'refusaltodealinebikes.

50.D The younger generation’s pursuit of comfortable riding

P2

51.A Tosway public opinion of the impact of human鎴恆ctivities on Earth

52.Cit covers more phenomena

53.D Deliberate choice of words o ass

54.B For greater precision .

55.C Human activities have serious effects on Earth.

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