2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬬鍏柈鍏冭€冮粸(di菐n)(鍚反缈�(x铆)椤�)

銆€銆€鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧璩囨牸鑰冭│銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬪悇绔犵瘈(ji茅)鑰冮粸(di菐n)鍖附

銆€銆€绗簩绡€(ji茅) 钘ョ墿婧惰В搴﹁垏婧跺嚭閫熷害(鐔熺反鎺屾彙)(鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)鎻愪緵2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬬鍏柈鍏冭€冮粸(di菐n)钘ョ墿婧舵恫鐨勫舰鎴愮悊璜�)

銆€銆€涓€銆� 钘ョ墿婧惰В搴�

銆€銆€(涓€) 钘ョ墿婧惰В搴︾殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶

銆€銆€婧惰В搴�(solubility)绯绘寚鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭韩搴�(姘ｉ珨鍦ㄤ竴瀹氬鍔�)涓�锛屽湪涓€瀹氭憾鍔戜腑閬�(d谩)椋藉拰鏅傛憾瑙ｇ殑鏈€澶ц棩閲�锛屾槸鍙嶆槧钘ョ墿婧惰В鎬х殑閲嶈鎸囨(bi膩o)銆�

銆€銆€鏈夊叐绋〃绀烘柟娉曪細

銆€銆€1. 婧惰В搴﹀父鐢ㄤ竴瀹氭韩搴︿笅100g婧跺姂涓�(鎴�100g婧舵恫鎴�100ml婧舵恫)婧惰В婧惰唱(zh矛)鐨勬渶澶у厠鏁�(sh霉)渚嗚〃绀�;

銆€銆€2. 婧惰В搴︿篃鍙敤鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬懇鐖炬績搴ol/L琛ㄧず銆�

銆€銆€銆婁腑鍦嬭棩鍏搞€嬪皪钘ュ搧鐨勮繎浼兼憾瑙ｅ害鐢ㄤ互涓嬪悕瑭炶〃绀猴細

銆€銆€妤垫槗婧惰В锛氱郴鎸� 1g ( ml )婧惰唱(zh矛)鑳藉湪涓嶅埌 1ml 婧跺姂涓憾瑙�銆�

銆€銆€鏄撴憾锛氱郴鎸� 1g ( ml )婧惰唱(zh矛)鑳藉湪 1 锝� 10ml 婧跺姂涓憾瑙�銆�

銆€銆€婧惰В锛氱郴鎸� 1g ( ml )婧惰唱(zh矛)鑳藉湪 10 锝� 30ml 婧跺姂涓憾瑙�銆�

銆€銆€鐣ユ憾锛氱郴鎸� 1g ( ml )婧惰唱(zh矛)鑳藉湪 30 锝� 100ml 婧跺姂涓憾瑙�銆�

銆€銆€寰憾锛氱郴鎸� 1g ( ml )婧惰唱(zh矛)鑳藉湪 100 锝� 1000ml 婧跺姂涓憾瑙�銆�

銆€銆€妤靛井婧惰В锛氱郴鎸� 1g ( ml )婧惰唱(zh矛)鑳藉湪 1000 锝� 10000ml 婧跺姂涓憾瑙�銆�

銆€銆€骞句箮涓嶆憾鎴栦笉婧讹細绯绘寚 1g ( ml )婧惰唱(zh矛)鍦� 10000ml 婧跺姂涓笉鑳藉畬鍏ㄦ憾瑙�銆傝棩鐗╃殑婧惰В閬庣▼锛屽鐐烘憾瑙ｆ摯(ku貌)鏁ｉ亷绋�;涓€鏃︽摯(ku貌)鏁ｉ仈(d谩)骞宠　锛屾憾瑙ｅ氨鐒℃硶閫�(j矛n)琛�銆�

銆€銆€(浜�) 褰遍熆钘ョ墿婧惰В搴︾殑鍥犵礌

銆€銆€1.钘ョ墿婧惰В搴﹁垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) 鐩镐技鐩告憾

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鍦ㄦ憾鍔戜腑鐨勬憾瑙ｅ害鏄棩鐗╁垎瀛愯垏婧跺姂鍒嗗瓙闁撶浉浜掍綔鐢ㄧ殑绲�(ji茅)鏋溿€傛牴鎿�(j霉)“鐩镐技鐩告憾”锛岃棩鐗╃殑妤垫€уぇ灏忓皪婧惰В搴︽湁寰堝ぇ鐨勫奖闊匡紝鑰岃棩鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍓囨焙瀹氳憲钘ョ墿妤垫€х殑澶у皬銆�

銆€銆€姘嵉灏嶈棩鐗╃殑婧惰В搴﹀奖闊胯純澶�

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鍒嗗瓙鑸囨憾鍔�(妤垫€�)鍒嗗瓙鐨勬矮閸�→婧惰В搴�↑

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鍒嗗瓙褰㈡垚鍒嗗瓙鍏�(n猫i)姘嵉→妤垫€ф憾鍔戜腑鐨勬憾瑙ｅ害↓锛岄潪妤垫€ф憾鍔戜腑鐨勬憾瑙ｅ害↑

銆€銆€鏈夋(j墨)寮遍吀寮卞牽钘ョ墿鍒舵垚鍙憾鎬ч菇鍙鍔犲叾婧惰В搴�銆�

銆€銆€闆ｆ憾鎬ц棩鐗╁垎瀛愪腑寮曞叆瑕按鍩哄湗(tu谩n)鍙鍔犲湪姘翠腑鐨勬憾瑙ｅ害銆�

銆€銆€2. 婧跺姂鍖栦綔鐢ㄥ拰姘村悎浣滅敤

銆€銆€钘ョ墿闆㈠瓙鐨勬按鍚堜綔鐢ㄨ垏闆㈠瓙鎬ц唱(zh矛)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛岄櫧闆㈠瓙鍜屾按涔嬮枔鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ姏寰堝挤(qi谩ng)锛屼竴鑸柈鍍归櫧闆㈠瓙绲�(ji茅)鍚�4鍊嬫按鍒嗗瓙銆�

銆€銆€钘ョ墿鐨勬憾鍔戝寲鏈冨奖闊胯棩鐗╁湪婧跺姂涓殑婧惰В搴�銆�

銆€銆€3. 澶氭櫠鍨嬬殑褰遍熆

銆€銆€鏅跺瀷涓嶅悓锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷存櫠鏍艰兘涓嶅悓锛岃棩鐗╃殑鐔旈粸(di菐n)銆佹憾瑙ｉ€熷害銆佹憾瑙ｅ害绛変篃涓嶅悓銆�

銆€銆€鐒″畾鍨嬬殑婧惰В搴﹀拰婧惰В閫熷害姣旂祼(ji茅)鏅跺瀷鐨勫ぇ銆�

銆€銆€鍦ㄥ鏁�(sh霉)鎯呮硜涓�锛屾憾瑙ｅ害鍜屾憾瑙ｉ€熷害鎸夋按鍚堢墿<鐒℃按鐗�<鏈夋(j墨)鍖栫墿鐨勯爢搴忔帓鍒�銆�

銆€銆€4. 绮掑瓙澶у皬鐨勫奖闊�

銆€銆€灏嶄簬鍙憾鎬ц棩鐗�锛� 绮掑瓙澶у皬灏嶆憾瑙ｅ害褰遍熆涓嶅ぇ锛岃€屽皪浜庨洠婧舵€ц棩鐗�锛岀矑瀛愬崐寰戝ぇ浜�2000nm鏅傜矑寰戝皪婧惰В搴︾劇褰遍熆锛屼絾绮掑瓙澶у皬鍦�0.1~100nm鏅傛憾瑙ｅ害闅ㄧ矑寰戞笡灏戣€屽鍔�銆�

銆€銆€鐢∣stwald-Freundlich 鏂圭▼鎻忚堪闆ｆ憾鎬ц棩鐗╄垏绮掑瓙澶у皬鐨勫畾閲忛棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�

绶ㄨ集鎺ㄨ枽锛�

銆€銆€鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧璩囨牸鑰冭│銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬪悇绔犵瘈(ji茅)鑰冮粸(di菐n)鍖附

銆€銆€5. 婧害鐨勫奖闊�

銆€銆€婧害灏嶆憾瑙ｅ害褰遍熆鍙栨焙浜庢憾瑙ｉ亷绋嬫槸鍚哥啽鈻矵s>0锛岄倓鏄斁鐔扁柍Hs<0銆傜暥(d膩ng)鈻矵s>0鏅�锛屾憾瑙ｅ害闅ㄦ韩搴﹀崌楂樿€屽崌楂�;濡傛灉鈻矵s<0鏅�锛屾憾瑙ｅ害闅ㄦ韩搴﹀崌楂樿€岄檷浣�銆�

銆€銆€钘ョ墿婧惰В閬庣▼涓�锛屾憾瑙ｅ害鑸囨韩搴﹂棞(gu膩n)绯诲紡鐐猴細 lnS2/S1= 鈻矵s/R(1/T1-1/T2)

銆€銆€寮忎腑锛� S1 銆丼2—鍒嗗垾鍦ㄦ韩搴1鍜孴2涓嬬殑婧惰В搴�; 鈻矵s—婧惰В鐒�锛孞/mol;R—鎽╃埦姘ｉ珨甯告暩(sh霉)銆�

銆€銆€6. pH鍊艰垏鍚岄洟瀛愭晥鎳�(y墨ng)

銆€銆€(1) pH鍊肩殑褰遍熆鏈夋(j墨)寮遍吀銆佸急鍫垮強鍏堕菇椤炲湪姘翠腑鐨勬憾瑙ｅ害鍙梡H鍊煎奖闊垮緢澶�銆�

銆€銆€寮遍吀锛歱Hm=pKa+lg(S-S0/S0) pHm锛氬急閰告矇娣€鏋愬嚭鐨刾H

銆€銆€寮卞牽锛歱Hm=pKa+lg(S0/S-S0) pHm锛氬急閰告憾瑙ｆ檪鐨勬渶楂榩H

銆€銆€(2)鍚岄洟瀛愭晥鎳�(y墨ng) 鑻ヨ棩鐗╃殑瑙ｉ洟鍨嬫垨楣藉瀷鏄檺鍒舵憾瑙ｇ殑绲勫垎(鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)鎻愪緵2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬬鍏柈鍏冭€冮粸(di菐n)钘ョ墿婧舵恫鐨勫舰鎴愮悊璜�)锛屽墖鍏跺湪婧舵恫涓殑鐩搁棞(gu膩n)闆㈠瓙鐨勬績搴︽槸褰遍熆瑭茶棩鐗╂憾瑙ｅ害澶у皬鐨勬焙瀹氬洜绱犮€�

銆€銆€涓€鑸悜闆ｆ憾鎬ч菇椤為＝鍜屾憾娑蹭腑锛屽姞鍏ュ惈鏈夌浉鍚岄洟瀛愬寲鍚堢墿鏅�锛屽叾婧惰В搴﹂檷浣�銆�

銆€銆€(涓�) 澧炲姞钘ョ墿婧惰В搴︾殑鏂规硶

銆€銆€1鍒舵垚楣介

銆€銆€涓€浜涢洠婧舵€х殑寮遍吀鎴栧急鍫胯棩鐗╋紝鍏舵サ鎬у皬锛屽湪姘翠腑婧惰В搴﹀緢灏忔垨涓嶆憾銆傝嫢鍔犲叆閬╃暥(d膩ng)?sh霉)鑶睞鎴栭吀锛屽皣瀹冨€戝埗鎴愰菇椤烇紝浣夸箣鎴愮偤闆㈠瓙鍨嬫サ鎬у寲鍚堢墿锛屽緸鑰屽鍔犲叾婧惰В搴︺€�

銆€銆€鍚晶鍩�銆佺：閰拌兒鍩恒€佷簽鑳哄熀绛夐吀鎬у熀鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勮棩鐗�锛�?锛熸崕鑴锋翰瓒割垪c銆佺⒊閰告矮閳�銆佹矮姘у寲閴€銆佹矮姘у寲閵�銆佷箼浜岃兒銆佷簩涔欓唶鑳虹瓑鍫夸綔鐢ㄧ敓鎴愭憾瑙ｅ害杓冨ぇ鐨勯菇銆�

銆€銆€澶╃劧鍙婂悎鎴愮殑鏈夋(j墨)鍫�锛屼竴鑸敤楣介吀銆侀唻閰�銆佺～閰搞€佺閰�銆佺７閰搞€佹矮婧撮吀銆佹灨娅為吀銆佹按妤婇吀銆侀Μ渚嗛吀銆侀厭鐭抽吀绛夊埗鎴愰菇椤�銆�

銆€銆€閫氶亷鍒舵垚楣介渚嗗鍔犳憾瑙ｅ害锛岄倓瑕佽€冩叜鎴愰菇鍚庢憾娑茬殑 pH 銆佹憾瑙ｆ€с€佹瘨鎬�銆佸埡婵€鎬с€佺┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆佸惛娼€х瓑鍥犵礌銆傚锛氭柊鐢熼湁绱犲柈閳夐菇鐨勬憾瑙ｅ害鏄柊鐢熼湁绱犵殑 300 鍊�锛屼絾鍏舵憾娑蹭笉绌�(w臎n)瀹氳€屼笉鑳界敤銆�

銆€銆€鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)鍙嬫儏鎻愪緵锛�2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬬鍏柈鍏冭€冮粸(di菐n)(鍚反缈�(x铆)椤�)杓斿皫(d菐o)銆傛杩庨粸(di菐n)鎿奀trl+D閫�(j矛n)琛屾敹钘�锛屼互渚块毃鏅傛煡闁便€傛洿澶氳硣瑷婃暚璜嬮棞(gu膩n)娉ㄦ垜缍�(w菐ng)琛�(w猫i)鐢熻伔绋辫タ钘ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│闋婚亾銆傚鏋滄偍鍦ㄦ閬庣▼涓亣鍒颁换浣曠枒鍟�锛岃珛鐧婚寗鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│璜栧锛岄毃鏅傝垏寤ｅぇ鑰冪敓鏈嬪弸鍊戜竴璧蜂氦娴�!

绶ㄨ集鎺ㄨ枽锛�

銆€銆€鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧璩囨牸鑰冭│銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬪悇绔犵瘈(ji茅)鑰冮粸(di菐n)鍖附

銆€銆€2鍔犲叆澧炴憾鍔戯細澧炴憾(solubilization)鏄寚鏌愪簺闆ｆ憾鎬ц棩鐗╁湪琛ㄩ潰娲绘€у姂鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ笅锛屽湪婧跺姂涓憾瑙ｅ害澧炲ぇ骞跺舰鎴愭緞娓呮憾娑茬殑閬庣▼銆傚叿鏈夊婧惰兘鍔涚殑琛ㄩ潰娲绘€у姂绋辩偤澧炴憾鍔�锛岃澧炴憾鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)绋辩偤澧炴憾璩�(zh矛)銆�

銆€銆€灏嶄簬浠ユ按鐐烘憾鍔戠殑钘ョ墿锛屽婧跺姂鐨勬渶閬〩LB鍊肩偤15~18銆�

銆€銆€甯哥敤鐨勫婧跺姂鐐鸿仛灞辨ⅷ閰鍜岃仛姘т箼鐑剛鑲吀閰銆�

銆€銆€姣�1g澧炴憾鍔戣兘澧炴憾钘ョ墿鐨勫厠鏁�(sh霉)绋卞婧堕噺銆�

銆€銆€澧炴憾鍔戜娇澧炴憾鍒跺姂鍏锋湁杓冨ソ鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€э細

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銆€?銆�?钘ョ墿鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)

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銆€銆€鍔╂憾鍔戝彲婧朵簬姘达紝澶氱偤浣庡垎瀛愬寲鍚堢墿(涓嶆槸琛ㄩ潰娲绘€у姂)锛屽彲鑸囪棩鐗╁舰鎴愮怠(lu貌)鍚堢墿銆�

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銆€銆€(2)娼涙憾鍔戞敼璁婁簡鍘熶締婧跺姂鐨勪粙闆诲父鏁�(sh霉)銆�

銆€銆€鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)鍙嬫儏鎻愪緵锛�2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬬鍏柈鍏冭€冮粸(di菐n)(鍚反缈�(x铆)椤�)杓斿皫(d菐o)銆傛杩庨粸(di菐n)鎿奀trl+D閫�(j矛n)琛屾敹钘�锛屼互渚块毃鏅傛煡闁�銆傛洿澶氳硣瑷婃暚璜嬮棞(gu膩n)娉ㄦ垜缍�(w菐ng)琛�(w猫i)鐢熻伔绋辫タ钘ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│闋婚亾銆傚鏋滄偍鍦ㄦ閬庣▼涓亣鍒颁换浣曠枒鍟忥紝璜嬬櫥閷�鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│璜栧锛岄毃鏅傝垏寤ｅぇ鑰冪敓鏈嬪弸鍊戜竴璧蜂氦娴�!

绶ㄨ集鎺ㄨ枽锛�

銆€銆€鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧璩囨牸鑰冭│銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬪悇绔犵瘈(ji茅)鑰冮粸(di菐n)鍖附

銆€銆€浜�銆佽棩鐗╃殑婧跺嚭閫熷害(鐠�(hu谩n)鐞冪恫(w菐ng)鏍￠啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│缍�(w菐ng)鎻愪緵2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬬鍏柈鍏冭€冮粸(di菐n)钘ョ墿婧舵恫鐨勫舰鎴愮悊璜�)

銆€銆€(涓€)钘ョ墿婧跺嚭閫熷害鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉�

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銆€銆€dC/dt = KS(Cs-C) dC/dt = D/VhS(Cs-C) 鐣�(d膩ng)Cs 銆婥鏅� (C<0.1Cs )锛屾鏅傜殑婧跺嚭姊濅欢绋辩偤婕忔Ы姊濅欢(sink condition)锛屽彲鐞嗚В鐐鸿棩鐗╂憾鍑哄悗绔嬪嵆琚Щ鍑�锛屾垨婧跺嚭浠嬭唱(zh矛)鐨勯噺寰堝ぇ锛屾憾娑蹭富楂斾腑钘ョ墿婵冨害寰堜綆銆�

銆€銆€dC/dt = D/VhS(Cs-C) →dC/dt = KSCs (S涓嶈畩)→ dC/dt=κ

銆€銆€κ 鐐虹壒鎬ч€熷害甯告暩(sh霉)锛屾槸鎸囧柈浣嶆檪闁撳柈浣嶉潰绌嶈棩鐗╂憾瑙ｉ€�(j矛n)鍏ユ憾娑蹭富楂旂殑閲�銆傚浐楂旇棩鐗╃殑κ灏忎簬1鏅�锛屾噳(y墨ng)鑰冩叜婧跺嚭灏嶈棩鐗╁惛鏀剁殑褰遍熆銆�

銆€銆€(浜�)褰遍熆钘ョ墿婧跺嚭閫熷害鐨勫洜绱犲拰澧炲姞婧跺嚭閫熷害鐨勬柟娉�

銆€銆€鍙牴鎿�(j霉)Noyes-Whitney鏂圭▼鍒嗘瀽

銆€銆€1. 鍥洪珨鐨勮〃闈㈢⿳

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銆€銆€2. 婧害锛氶珮锛岄€熷害蹇�

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銆€銆€4. 鎿�(ku貌)鏁ｇ郴鏁�(sh霉)

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銆€銆€鐗囧姂銆佽啝鍥婂姂绛夊姂鍨嬬殑婧跺嚭锛岄倓鍙楄檿鏂逛腑鍔犲叆鐨勮紨鏂欎互鍙婃憾鍑洪€熷害鐨勬脯瀹氭柟娉曟湁闂�(gu膩n)銆�

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绶ㄨ集鎺ㄨ枽锛�

銆€銆€鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎺ㄨ枽锛�2017涓礆涓荤钘ュ斧璩囨牸鑰冭│銆婄浉闂�(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬪悇绔犵瘈(ji茅)鑰冮粸(di菐n)鍖附

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銆€銆€涓€銆佽棩鐗╂憾娑茬殑婊查€忓(鐔熺反鎺屾彙)

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